CONSTRUCTIVE ANGER, SHAME AND EMPATHY: A LIFESPAN STUDY

我们的项目解决的关键问题是：为谁服务，在什么情况下服务 条件是愤怒可能导致建设性的，而不是 适应不良的行为和后果五项研究，借鉴不同的 方法，进一步探索移情，羞耻和内疚的程度 缓和从童年中期到 成年研究1和2旨在阐明 建设性与破坏性的愤怒管理策略， 关系。对94名青少年及其家长进行了深入访谈 （研究1）和175对年轻夫妇（研究2）关于特定的真实的- 生活中的愤怒事件几乎都结束了全面 计划进行定性和定量分析，以澄清 培养建设性的解决家庭和结合愤怒，以及 导致国内冲突产生破坏性后果的因素。第二 家庭研究的重点是儿童如何发展适应性， 处理愤怒的不适应手段研究3和4利用了 完全不同的方法来进一步研究 羞耻感会干扰适应性人际行为， 建设性的冲突解决。研究3将评估 实验诱导的羞耻对隐性敌意（恶意八卦）在一个 260名大学生样本。研究4将研究 在100年的冲突解决过程中， 两对大学生。解决冲突的战略，以及 将考虑谈判的实际结果。最后，在研究5（a）中， 纵向，代际研究），儿童最初在 5年级和7/8年级，将接受采访后，他们 十八岁生日。利用自我报告、家长报告和档案 记录，我们将研究家庭因素（例如， 亲职行为，家庭环境，父母情感 特点）和儿童自身的道德情感特点 （同情，羞耻，内疚）在童年中期预测建设性与 破坏性的愤怒管理策略，以及更广泛的社会 以及青春期后期的行为调整此外，我们将评估 从青春期早期到晚期愤怒管理方式的稳定性， 总的来说，在确定改变青少年行为的因素的同时， 对愤怒的反应。

The key question addressed by our project is: For whom and under what conditions is anger likely to result in constructive as opposed to maladaptive behaviors and consequences? Five studies, drawing on diverse methods, further explore the degree to which empathy, shame, and guilt moderate the social consequences of anger from middle childhood through adulthood. Studies 1 and 2 are designed to clarify the determinants of constructive vs. destructive anger management strategies in close relationships. In-depth interviews with 94 adolescents and their parents (Study 1), and 175 young adult couples (Study 2) concerning specific real- life shared episodes of anger are nearly complete. Comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analyses are planned to clarify factors which foster constructive resolutions to familial and conjoint anger, as well as factors which lead to destructive outcomes of domestic conflict. A second focus of the family study is on how children develop adaptive as opposed to maladaptive means of handling anger. Studies 3 and 4 draw on an entirely different methodology to further examine the degree to which feelings of shame interfere with adaptive interpersonal behavior and constructive conflict resolution. Study 3 will assess the effects of experimentally induced shame on covert hostility (malicious gossip) in a sample of 260 college students. Study 4 will examine the effects of experimentally induced shame on the conflict resolution process in 100 pairs of college students. Conflict resolution strategies, as well as the actual outcomes of negotiations will be considered. Finally, in Study 5 (a longitudinal, intergenerational study), children initially studied in the 5th-grade and in the 7th/8th grade, will be interviewed following their 18th birthday. Drawing on self-reports, parent reports, and archival records, we will examine the degree to which family factors (e.g., parenting behaviors, family environment, parents' affective characteristics) and children's own moral affective characteristics (empathy, shame, guilt) in middle childhood predict constructive vs. destructive anger management strategies, as well as more general social and behavioral adjustment in late adolescence. In addition, we will assess the stability of anger management styles from early to late adolescence, in general, while also identifying factors which modify adolescents' responses to anger as they near adulthood.