Development of Improved Hardbanding materials for Drill pipe in oil and gas drilling operations

该项目涉及石油和天然气的开采;一个成功的结果也将有利于英国蓬勃发展的页岩气工业。长期以来，个别钻杆工具接头和钻柱组件的其他脆弱区域都使用了加硬带焊接技术，包括选择性地应用通常含有碳化钨的耐磨材料条或垫，以防止磨损。钻柱在外部套管内运行，套管的磨损成为一个严重的问题。虽然碳化钨为钻杆接头提供了极好的保护，但它对套管的侵蚀性很大，导致套管过早失效。随着易于开采的储量逐渐枯竭，要求钻至不断增加的深度，而新技术允许大斜度威尔斯井，如水平钻井，多向钻井和大位移钻井。所有这些技术都会造成加硬层与套管接触的情况。除了由于磨损而导致套管失效外，这些接触点还产生阻碍钻井过程的摩擦和扭矩。因此，需要一种加硬层材料，该加硬层材料在提供足够的保护以防止管接头磨损的同时，也是套管友好的，并且具有低摩擦性能。套管失效当然是昂贵的，但是也具有显著的环境影响，因为井不再受到约束，导致不受控制的泄漏。本项目的目的是通过开发一种结合了高耐磨性和低摩擦系数的硬化产品来解决这个问题。将探索以下机制的组合。·控制化学成分，促进基体合金的微观结构和结晶度发生有利变化。·添加球形耐磨颗粒。·将固体润滑添加剂添加到基质中。

This project concerns the extraction of oil and gas; a successful outcome would also be ofbenefit to the UK’s burgeoning shale gas industry.Individual drill pipe tool joints and other vulnerable areas of drill string components havebeen protected for a long time from abrasive wear using hardbanding welding technique thatinvolved a selective application of strips or pads of wear-resistant material typicallycontaining tungsten carbide. The drill string runs inside an outer casing and wear of the casinghas become a significant problem.Whilst tungsten carbides provide excellent protection for the drill pipe joints, it is veryaggressive to the casing leading to premature failure of the latter.As easily accessed reserves become depleted there is a requirement to drill to ever increasingdepths whilst new technology allows highly deviated wells such as horizontal drilling,multidirectional drilling and extended reach drilling. All of these techniques create situationswhere the hardbanding can come into contact with the casing. In addition to causing failure ofthe casing by wear such points of contact also produces friction and torque that impedes thedrilling process.There is thus a requirement for a hardbanding material that whilst providing adequateprotection against wear of the pipe joint is also casing friendly and has low friction properties.Casing failures are of course expensive but also have a significant environmental impact asthe well is no longer constrained leading to uncontrolled leakage.The aim of this project is to provide a solution to this problem by developing a hardbandingproduct that combines high wear resistance with low coefficient of friction.A combination of the following mechanisms will be explored.• Control of chemistry to promote favourable changes in the microstructure andcrystallinity of the matrix alloy.• Addition of spherical wear resistant particles.• Addition of solid lubricating additives into the matrix.