HAIR DYE USE AND RISK OF NONHODGKINS LYMPHOMA

在美国，在过去的几十年里，非霍奇金淋巴瘤的发病率 (NHL)比除黑色素瘤以外的所有其他癌症类型的增长都要快 和肺癌。康涅狄格州是增长最快的州之一 在NHL发病率中，它是世界上NHL发病率最高的国家之一。 NHL发病率增加的风险因素主要是 未知 美国癌症协会最近的一项前瞻性随访研究 社会和两个最近的病例对照研究，从国家癌症研究所发现， 深色染发剂的使用与NHL风险之间的关联，而另一个最近 后续研究没有发现相关性。 有人建议 环境暴露似乎最有可能导致 女性NHL发病率的增加是染发剂的增加。 据估计 头发使用可能占暴露妇女发生NHL的35% 在所有女性中为20%。 超过3000万美国女性是定期 染发剂使用者，暴露人群的规模正在增加 迅速 考虑到所报告的关联的不确定性， 和暴露人群的规模，迫切需要 在不同人群中进行更严格的流行病学研究。 对 这一背景和挑战，为更清楚地了解病因学 针对NHL，提出了康涅狄格州NHL的病例对照研究。 的 拟议研究的主要目的是检查染发剂暴露， 使用基于人群的病例对照研究设计的NHL风险因素， 康涅狄格 更具体地说，这项研究将测试的假设， a）染发剂的使用与NHL的风险增加相关; B）NHL的风险 NHL因染发产品的类型和颜色而异，c）NHL的风险 与染发剂使用相关的组织类型，免疫类型， 和肿瘤等级。由于很少有男性（约5%）经常使用染发剂， 产品，该研究将限制人口年龄在21岁之间的女性 和84.病例将包括600名康涅狄格州女性居民， 在3.5年期间诊断的组织学证实的NHL事件。 将通过既定的基于人口的机制确定病例 迅速查明案情 相同数量的基于人口的控制 将按年龄、种族和性别与病例频率相匹配。 案件 65岁以下的对照组将通过随机数字拨号选择。案件 年龄在65岁或以上，对照组将从提供的文件中随机选择 由卫生保健融资管理局。 病例和对照组必须 在面试时还活着，并将在家中接受训练有素的 访谈者使用结构化的标准化问卷， 关于染发剂使用和其他主要风险因素的信息。 将使用标准技术进行统计分析， 解决具体目标提出的问题。

In the U.S., during past decades, the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has risen faster than that of all other cancer types except melanoma and lung cancer. Connecticut, one of the states with the greatest increase in NHL incidence, has one of the highest NHL incidence rates in the world. The risk factors responsible for the increasing NHL incidence are largely unknown. A recent prospective follow-up study from American Cancer Society and two recent case-control studies from the NCI found a strong association between dark hair dye use and risk of NHL while another recent follow-up study found no association. It has been suggested that the environmental exposure which seems most likely to have contributed to the increase in NHL among women is that of hair dyes. It is estimated that hair aye use could account for 35% of the NHL occurring in exposed women and 20% in all women. More than 30 million American women are regular hair dye users, and the size of the exposed population is increasing rapidly. Considering the inconclusive nature of the reported association and the size of the exposed population, there exists an urgent need for more rigorous epidemiologic studies in different populations. Against this background and challenge for a clearer understanding of the etiology of NHL, a case-control study of NHL in Connecticut is proposed. The primary objective of the proposed study is to examine hair dye exposure as a NHL risk factor using a population-based case-control study design in Connecticut. More specifically, this study will test the hypotheses that a) use of hair dye is associated with an increased risk of NHL; b) risk of NHL varies by type and color of the hair dye product and c) risk of NHL associated with hair dye use varies by histologic type, immunologic type, and tumor grade. Since very few men (about 5%) regularly use hair dye products, the study will restrict the population to women aged between 21 and 84. Cases will consist of 600 Connecticut female residents with histologically confirmed incident NHL diagnosed over a 3.5 year period. Cases will be identified through an established population-based mechanism of rapid case ascertainment. An equal number of population-based controls will be frequency matched to the cases by aged race, and sex. For cases under age 65, controls will be selected by random digit dialing. For cases aged 65 or older, controls will be randomly selected from files provided by the Health Care Financing Administration. Cases and controls must be alive at the time of interview and will be interviewed at home by trained interviewers using a structured, standardized questionnaire to obtain information regarding hair dye use and other major risk factors. Statistical analyses will be performed using standard techniques to address the questions raised by the specific aims.