HAIR DYE USE AND RISK OF NONHODGKINS LYMPHOMA

在美国，在过去的几十年里，非霍奇金淋巴瘤的发病率 (非霍奇金淋巴瘤)的上升速度比除黑色素瘤以外的所有其他癌症类型都要快 和肺癌。康涅狄格州，涨幅最大的州之一 在NHL发病率中，我国是世界上NHL发病率最高的国家之一。 导致非霍奇金淋巴瘤发病率上升的危险因素主要是 未知。最近一项关于美国癌症的前瞻性随访研究 协会和NCI最近的两项病例对照研究发现， 深色染发剂的使用与非霍奇金淋巴瘤风险之间的关系 后续研究没有发现两者之间存在关联。有人建议说， 环境暴露似乎最有可能导致 女性中非霍奇金淋巴瘤的增加是染发剂的增加。据估计， 头发的使用可能占暴露女性发生的非霍奇金淋巴瘤的35% 在所有女性中，这一比例为20%。超过3000万的美国女性是常客 染发剂使用者，接触人群的规模正在增加 迅速地。考虑到所报告的关联的不确定性质 以及受感染人口的规模，迫切需要 在不同人群中进行更严格的流行病学研究。vbl.反对，反对 这一背景和对病因学更清楚的理解的挑战 一项康涅狄格州非霍奇金淋巴瘤的病例对照研究。这个 拟议研究的主要目标是检查染发剂的暴露情况 采用基于人群的病例对照研究设计的非霍奇金淋巴瘤危险因素 康涅狄格州。更具体地说，这项研究将检验以下假设 A)使用染发剂会增加患非霍奇金淋巴瘤的风险；b) 非霍奇金淋巴瘤因染发产品的类型和颜色而异，以及c)患非霍奇金淋巴瘤的风险 染发剂的使用因组织学类型、免疫学类型、 和肿瘤分级。因为很少有男性(约5%)经常使用染发剂 产品，这项研究将把人口限制在21岁之间的女性 和84岁。病例将由600名康涅狄格州女性居民组成， 组织学证实的非霍奇金淋巴瘤事件在3.5年内确诊。 将通过建立的以人口为基础的机制来确定病例 快速查明病例的能力。同等数量的基于人口的控制措施 将根据年龄、种族和性别匹配病例的频率。对于案例 在65岁以下，控制将通过随机数字拨号来选择。对于案例 年龄在65岁或以上的控制组将从提供的文件中随机选择 由医疗保健融资管理局提供。病例和控制必须是 在面试时还活着，并将在家中接受培训 面试官使用结构化、标准化的调查问卷来获取 有关染发剂使用和其他主要风险因素的信息。 将使用标准技术执行统计分析 解决特定目标提出的问题。

In the U.S., during past decades, the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has risen faster than that of all other cancer types except melanoma and lung cancer. Connecticut, one of the states with the greatest increase in NHL incidence, has one of the highest NHL incidence rates in the world. The risk factors responsible for the increasing NHL incidence are largely unknown. A recent prospective follow-up study from American Cancer Society and two recent case-control studies from the NCI found a strong association between dark hair dye use and risk of NHL while another recent follow-up study found no association. It has been suggested that the environmental exposure which seems most likely to have contributed to the increase in NHL among women is that of hair dyes. It is estimated that hair aye use could account for 35% of the NHL occurring in exposed women and 20% in all women. More than 30 million American women are regular hair dye users, and the size of the exposed population is increasing rapidly. Considering the inconclusive nature of the reported association and the size of the exposed population, there exists an urgent need for more rigorous epidemiologic studies in different populations. Against this background and challenge for a clearer understanding of the etiology of NHL, a case-control study of NHL in Connecticut is proposed. The primary objective of the proposed study is to examine hair dye exposure as a NHL risk factor using a population-based case-control study design in Connecticut. More specifically, this study will test the hypotheses that a) use of hair dye is associated with an increased risk of NHL; b) risk of NHL varies by type and color of the hair dye product and c) risk of NHL associated with hair dye use varies by histologic type, immunologic type, and tumor grade. Since very few men (about 5%) regularly use hair dye products, the study will restrict the population to women aged between 21 and 84. Cases will consist of 600 Connecticut female residents with histologically confirmed incident NHL diagnosed over a 3.5 year period. Cases will be identified through an established population-based mechanism of rapid case ascertainment. An equal number of population-based controls will be frequency matched to the cases by aged race, and sex. For cases under age 65, controls will be selected by random digit dialing. For cases aged 65 or older, controls will be randomly selected from files provided by the Health Care Financing Administration. Cases and controls must be alive at the time of interview and will be interviewed at home by trained interviewers using a structured, standardized questionnaire to obtain information regarding hair dye use and other major risk factors. Statistical analyses will be performed using standard techniques to address the questions raised by the specific aims.