FOLLOW UP STUDY FOR CAUSES OF ILLNESS IN BLACK WOMEN

一项对12万名美国护士进行的持续17年的跟踪研究产生了 关于癌症的原因和预防的重要信息 白人女性的心血管疾病(迄今约有100篇论文)，以及其他 最近开始了对白人女性的大规模后续研究。 在黑人女性身上没有类似的研究，她们承担着更大的负担 疾病和死亡。[白色的疾病病因学结果 由于基因的原因，黑人女性可能不能一概而论 风险因素的差异或其他原因。]我们建议 对黑人女性进行一项大型前瞻性跟踪研究，以提供 关于癌症、心血管疾病风险因素的信息性数据，以及 其他重大疾病，重点是肥胖对健康的影响。 其他需要评估的因素包括吸烟、体力活动、 酒精使用、死亡、外源性雌激素使用和生殖因素。 我们将通过邮寄问卷的方式招募50,000名黑人妇女 到69岁的国家教育协会成员， 联邦政府的雇员、护士或这些妇女的朋友。 这些女性之所以被选中，是因为有证据表明，她们能够提供可靠的 健康信息，并且几乎不会造成损失。进行了试点研究 在国家教育协会和 美国人事管理办公室已经证明了 这个项目。一个由了解健康知识的黑人女性组成的咨询委员会 黑人社区的问题已经参与并将继续给予 咨询和指导；黑人妇女健康专家顾问将拥有 对这项研究的重要投入。 最初的调查问卷将收集有关暴露和 感兴趣的协变量。每隔两年邮寄一份跟踪调查问卷 将更新信息并确定癌症病例， 心血管疾病和其他重大疾病；诊断将是 通过审查医疗记录和其他文件进行记录。死亡将会 从家人和朋友那里得到确认，并通过国家死亡 索引。邮政署将会发出临时邮递，以维持 并向他们通报研究结果。 这项研究将提供有关#年疾病病因的必要信息。 黑人妇女，在健康研究中迄今被忽视的一个群体。[ 病因学结果将普遍适用于数百万美国黑人 妇女，包括贫穷妇女]，其结果将有助于预防 这些方案的重点是降低发病率和死亡率。

An ongoing 17 year follow-up study of 120,000 U.S. nurses has produced important information on causes and preventives of cancer and cardiovascular disease in white women (some 100 papers to date), and other large follow-up studies of white women have been started more recently. There are no comparable studies in black women, who bear a greater burden of illness and mortality. [Results on the etiology of disease in white women may not be generalizable to black women because of genetic differences, differences in risk factors, or other reasons.] We propose to conduct a large prospective follow-up study of black women to provide informative data on risk factors for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other major illnesses, with an emphasis on the health effects of obesity. Other factors to be assessed include cigarette smoking, physical activity, alcohol use, die, exogenous estrogen use, and reproductive factors. We will enroll, by means of a mailed questionnaire, 50,000 black women up to age 69 years who are members of the National Education Association, employees of the federal government, nurses, or friends of these women. These women were chosen because of evidence that they can provide reliable health information and be followed with few losses. Pilot studies carried out with the assistance of both the National Education Association and the U.S. Office of Personnel Management have demonstrated the feasibility of the project. An Advisory Board of black women knowledgeable about health problems in the black community has participated and will continue to give advice and guidance; expert consultants on black women's health will have important input to the study. The initial questionnaire will collect information on exposures and covariates of interest. Follow-up mail questionnaires at 2-year intervals will update information and ascertain incident cases of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other major illnesses; diagnoses will be documented by review of medical records and other documents. Deaths will be ascertained from families and friends and through the National Death Index. Interim mailings will be made to sustain the interest of the participants and to inform them of study results. This study will provide needed information on the etiology of disease in black women, a heretofore neglected group in health studies. [The etiologic results will generally be applicable to millions of U.S. black women, including poor women,] and the results will be useful in preventive programs focused on reducing morbidity and mortality.