CODING PROCESSES IN ANIMAL MEMORY

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)：在 认知学习的动物模型一直很难具体说明 动物如何编码(或表示)事件。编码过程尤其是 在刺激性课程的发展中很重要。最近的证据表明 鸽子(和其他动物)可以从最初的刺激类 无关的刺激。这种刺激阶层的成员的特征 它们能够以大致相同的方式相互替代 可以用任意指定的口语和书面语替换 人类语言中的物体和动作。拟议中的鸽子研究 将使用延迟匹配程序，在该程序中鸽子已被展示给 开发单码默认策略(两个样本中的一个是编码的- 默认情况下选择其他比较)。单码违约的证据 策略限制了可能的代码类别，并允许一个人获得 访问底层代码。本研究的近期目标是 是(A)检查鸽子使用的编码过程，(B)确定 使用这些编码过程的条件，以及(C)至 确定基本代码的性质。在本文的第一部分中 我们将检查现在/不在的编码中的共性 样本。在第二部分，我们将把类似的策略应用于 持续时间样本编码的分析。最后，我们将研究类似的 对仅通过与 常见的比较。这项研究的长期目标是能够 具体说明动物刺激类形成的基础，这样就可以 确定哪些组件可能从未能获得 语言发展所需的刺激课程。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): An important limitation in animal models of cognitive learning has been the difficultly in specifying how animals code (or represent) events. Coding processes are particularly important in the development of stimulus classes. Recent evidence suggests that pigeons (and other animals) can form stimulus classes from originally unrelated stimuli. The characteristic of members of such stimulus classes is that they are able to substitute for one another in much the same way that arbitrarily-designated spoken and written words can be substituted for objects and actions in human language. The proposed research with pigeons will use delayed-matching procedures in which pigeons have been shown to develop single-code-default strategies (one of two samples is coded - the other comparison is chosen by default). Evidence for single-code-default strategies restricts the class of possible codes and allows one to gain access to the underlying codes. The immediate goals of the present research are (a) to examine the coding processes used by pigeons, (b) to determine the conditions under which these coding processes are used, and (c) to identify the nature of the underlying codes. In the first section of this proposal we will examine commonalities in the coding of present/absent samples. In the second section we will apply similar strategies to the analysis of duration sample coding. Finally, we will examine the similar coding of samples that are related only through their association with a common comparison. The long-term goal of this research is to be able to specify the bases of stimulus class formation by animals so one can determine which components might be missing from humans who fail to acquire the stimulus classes needed for language development.