SMOKELESS TOBACCO CESSATION--RURAL HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES

使用无烟烟草（ST）在年轻人中的流行率正在上升 美国男性，尤其是那些居住在农村 和那些打棒球的人。 用户通常会养成这种习惯， 青少年，长期使用会使他们面临口腔癌的风险。 那些 戒烟的人可以用吸烟来代替， 他们有患肺癌和其他癌症的风险。 建议的目标 研究是增加棒球运动中的ST停止和暂停， 运动员在加州的乡村高中上学。 将实施 并评估一个创新的团队为基础的干预，将使用牙科 卫生保健提供者和同行团队成员在其交付。 的 干预是基于认知社会学习理论和扩散 创新理论，并应用公共卫生的角度， 在他们的环境中接近ST用户，并试图改变社会 行为改变的标准。 30所农村中学 拥有棒球队的加州将被随机分配到 干预或作为对照。 简言之，干预将 包括一个1小时的互动小组会议，每个小组讨论 有害影响的ST和面子的方式拒绝它，一个强大的同行 意见领袖部分，支持行为改变和教育 家长和教练的会议，以获得他们的支持。 此外，ST 使用者将得到牙医的口头检查和戒烟建议， 戒烟自助指南，牙医行为咨询 治疗师，和助推器会议，以防止复发或处理滑。 具体目标是：（1）使ST干预内容适合农村 高中棒球运动员进行结构化面试， 农村运动员及其父母和教练的焦点小组， 在一所农村高中进行干预的试点测试;（2）评估 农村高中学生科技知识使用现状及相关因素分析 棒球运动员通过问卷管理的运动员在这两个 干预和控制学校;（3）确定的效果， 通过比较戒烟率，戒烟动机的变化， 干预结束时ST使用行为的变化以及1和2 年后干预，（4）确定的特点， 农村高中棒球运动员与戒烟有关 我们预计，在这项研究中测试的干预措施将是 有效降低高中生使用ST的流行率 运动员，并将适用于其他群体的运动员参与 在高中和初中阶段开展团队运动。

Use of smokeless tobacco (ST) is increasing in prevalence among young American males and is especially prevalent among those residing in rural areas and those who play baseball. Users typically take up the habit as adolescents, and long-term use puts them at risk of oral cancer. Those who give up the ST habit may exchange it for smoking cigarettes, putting them at risk of lung and other cancers. The goal of the proposed research is to increase ST cessation and abstention among baseball athletes attending rural high schools in California. It will implement and evaluate an innovative team-based intervention that will use dental health care providers and peer team members in its delivery. The intervention is based on Cognitive Social Learning Theory and Diffusion of Innovation Theory and applies a public health perspective by approaching ST users in their environment and attempting to change social norms to effect behavioral change. Thirty rural high schools in California with baseball teams will be randomized to receive the intervention or serve as controls. Briefly, the intervention will consist of a 1-hour interactive group session for each team to discuss harmful effects of ST and face-saving ways to refuse it, a strong peer opinion leader component to endorse behavioral change and an educational session for parents and coaches to gain their support. In addition, ST users will be offered an oral exam and cessation advice from a dentist, a self-help guide for quitting, behavioral counseling by a dental hygienist, and booster sessions to prevent relapse or deal with slips. The specific aims are (1) to tailor ST intervention components to rural high school baseball athletes by conducting structured interviews and focus groups among rural athletes and their parents and coaches and by pilot testing the intervention in a rural high school; (2) to assess the prevalence, patterns and correlates of ST use among rural high school baseball athletes via a questionnaire administered to athletes in both intervention and control schools; (3) to determine the efficacy of the intervention by comparing quit rates, changes in motivation to quit, and changes in ST use behavior at the end of the intervention and 1 and 2 years after the intervention, and (4) to identify the characteristics of rural high school baseball athletes that are associated with quitting use of ST. We expect that the intervention tested in this study will be effective in reducing the prevalence of use of ST among high school athletes and will be applicable to other groups of athletes involved in team sports at the high school and junior high school levels.