Robert Burns: Inventing Tradition and Securing Memory, 1796-1909

罗伯特·伯恩斯：发明传统和保护记忆，1796-1909年是一个在三个层面上运作的项目。在经验层面，它提供了1909年在世界各地建立的罗伯特·彭斯公共纪念碑的全面网络目录，精选了同一时期的图像，并对商业或家庭使用的与伯恩斯相关的不同类型的材料文化进行了基于网络的分类。这些数据集将使罗伯特·彭斯的声誉传递到文化记忆领域所用的所有图像和物品第一次能够在一个地方用于研究或咨询。这是一个特别重要的发展，因为伯恩斯是所有诗人中最受纪念的诗人之一，通过物品和公共纪念碑全方位记录他的纪念活动，将为分析和发展其他作家的类似记录提供宝贵的证据基础。该项目得到了苏格兰伯恩斯出生地博物馆国家信托基金的支持和合作，目前正在就获得国内伯恩斯的两个广泛的私人收藏品进行谈判。在理论层面上，该项目将寻求为文学和物质文化之间的关系提供一个模式，解决诸如纪念手段的选择(例如通过对诗人的特定物品或描述)是否对个别诗歌的声誉或作家的生活方式产生影响，以及文学和物质文化在赋予诗人声誉的意义上是分歧还是融合等问题。它将寻求提供可作为审查材料和纪念文化的使用的基础的结果，以此作为对其他作家的接受、声誉和典范的形成影响。在政策层面上，发明传统和保护记忆将有助于通过与馆长大卫·霍普的合作，在世界上最重要的伯恩斯遗址--罗伯特·伯恩斯出生地博物馆--解读伯恩斯。RBBM正在进行最终规划和开发，截至2009年1月筹集了最终GB 2100万预算中的17M GB，目前的项目将在RBBM作为一个主要的现代旅游场馆结晶的关键阶段提供宝贵的政策投入。伯恩斯对苏格兰经济的价值为1.57亿英镑(2003年的数字)，对他的纪念活动的尖端解读--它在世界许多地方都是如此公开可见--将引起每年预计在博物馆参观的总计10万多名参观者的极大兴趣。预计向格拉斯哥博物馆和华兹华斯信托基金传播这项研究工作也将对其他场所的解释材料的发展起到非常宝贵的作用。发明传统和保护记忆将提供持久的网络资源、一系列学术成果，并通过既定的合作协议与更广泛的遗产、文化和旅游业接触。其方法将包括：1.通过档案、报纸、照片收藏以及现有的数字和二手资料来源，收集公众纪念活动的全面清单。密集利用档案，特别是在公共烧伤纪念活动的开展、筹款和影响方面创造一种感觉。与伯恩斯相关的家居物品分类的设计。4.考虑伯恩斯的纪念作为传统发明的一种形式(霍布斯鲍姆和兰格(1983))，并用它来‘组成’诗人是谁和他所代表的记忆。在现有研究的基础上，建立物质文化可被视为文本或作者接受史的合法部分的方法。

Robert Burns: Inventing Tradition and Securing Memory, 1796-1909 is a project which operates on three levels. On the empirical level, it provides a comprehensive web-based catalogue of public monuments to Robert Burns worldwide erected by 1909, with a selection of images from the same period, combined with a web-based classification of the different kinds of Burns-related material culture available commercially or for domestic use. These datasets will enable the whole range of images and items used in the transmission of Robert Burns' reputation into the sphere of cultural memory to be available for study or consultation in one place for the first time. This is a particularly important development, because Burns was one of the most commemorated of all poets, and the documentation of the full range of his memorialization through objects and public monuments will provide an invaluable evidence base both for analysis and for the development of similar records of other writers. The project has the support and partnership of the National Trust for Scotland Burns Birthplace Museum and is currently negotiating access to two extensive private collections of domestic Burnsiana.On a theoretical level, the project will seek to provide a model for the relationship between literary and material culture, addressing questions such as whether the choice of means of commemoration (e.g. through particular objects or depictions of the poet) has had an effect on the reputation of individual poems or approaches to the writer's life and whether literary and material culture diverge or converge in the significance they grant the reputation of the poet. It will seek to provide outcomes which can act as a basis for the examination of the use of material and commemorative culture as a formative influence in the reception, reputation and canon of other writers. On a policy level, Inventing Tradition and Securing Memory will contribute, through its work with the curator David Hopes, to the interpretation of Burns at the Robert Burns Birthplace Museum, the single most important Burns site in the world. The RBBM is in the process of final planning and development with £17M of the final £21M budget raised as of January 2009, and the current project will provide invaluable policy input at a crucial stage in the RBBM's crystallization as a major modern tourist venue. Burns is worth £157M to the Scottish economy (2003 figures), and the cutting-edge interpretation of his memorialization-itself so publicly visible in so many parts of the world-will be of great interest to the combined 100 000+ visitors a year expected at the Museum. It is expected that the dissemination of the research work to Glasgow Museums and to the Wordsworth Trust will also prove invaluable to the development of interpretative material in other venues. Inventing Tradition and Securing Memory will provide a lasting web resource, a set of scholarly outcomes, and an engagement with the wider heritage, cultural and tourist industries through established collaborative agreements. Its methodologies will include:i. The gathering of a comprehensive list of public commemorations through archives, newspapers, photograph collections and existing digital and secondary sources.ii. The intensive use of archives to create a sense of the development of commissioning, fundraising and impact of public Burns commemoration in particular instances.iii. The design of a taxonomy of domestic objects associated with Burns.iv The consideration of Burns' memorialization as a form of invention of tradition (Hobsbawm and Ranger (1983)) and its use to 'compose' memories of who the poet was and what he represented.v. Building on existing research, to establish ways in which material culture may be considered a legitimate part of the reception history of a text or author.