EXERCISE PRESSOR RESPONSES AND THE BRAINSTEM

等长肌肉锻炼会增加心率，血液 压力和通风。 至少这种反应的一部分是反射性的 唤起的 这种反射可以方便地在急性动物中进行研究 利用切断的腹根的刺激来实现 肌肉收缩引起心血管 在许多方面与等长收缩时观察到的反应相似 锻炼的 这种反射通常被称为“运动升压反射” 作为一个方便的操作定义。 拟议的研究将 调查具体位置、电生理反应 特征和免疫细胞化学特性的细胞， 可能有助于反射。 脑干研究领域包括： (a)尾侧延髓腹外侧区，包括 外侧网状核（LRN），（B）疑核（NA），（c） 延髓头端腹外侧区，包括类似于 大鼠的C1区，以及（d）包括中缝的内侧髓质 核，“背内侧加压区”，核的 孤束和下橄榄。 这些区域的细胞 将评价对以下各项的反应：（1）肌肉收缩，（2） 压力感受器输入，（3）化学感受器输入，（4）刺激 “丘脑底运动区”或“防御区”，也将是 评价（5）对交感神经或副交感神经的贡献 流出，和（6）神经递质含量和各种影响 神经传递素 据认为，一个基本的互惠 肌间可能存在抑制关系 收缩诱发的升压反射和各种降压反射; 因此，将研究这两种反射类型中的关键点。 分析技术将包括使用1）额外和 细胞内单细胞电记录2） 免疫细胞化学标记和3）显微注射， 微离子电渗法以识别各种发射器物质。 这些研究将使人们对这些过程有进一步的了解。 潜在的升压反射及其相互关系， 降压反射 此外， 免疫细胞化学标记，细胞内记录和 微离子电渗疗法是职业发展培训的领域。

Isometric muscular exercise causes increases in heart rate, blood pressure and ventilation. At least part of this response is reflexly evoked. This reflex may be conveniently studied in acute animal models utilizing stimulation of cut ventral roots to achieve muscular contraction which in turn evokes a cardiovascular response similar in many ways to that observed during isometric exercise. This reflex is often called the "exercise pressor reflex" as a convenient operational definition. The proposed research will investigate the specific location, electrophysiological response characteristics and immunocytochemical properties of cells which may contribute to the reflex. Brainstem areas for study includes: (a) caudal ventrolateral medulla including the area in or near the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), (b) the nucleus ambiguus (NA), (c) rostral ventrolateral medulla including the areas analogous to the C1 area in the rat, and (d) medial medulla including the raphe nuclei, the "dorsomedial pressor region", the nucleus of the tractus solitarius and the inferior olive. The cells of these areas will be evaluated for responses to: (1) muscular contraction, (2) baroreceptor input, (3) chemoreceptor input, (4) stimulation of the "subthalamic locomotor area", or "defence area", and also will be evaluated for (5) contribution to sympathetic or parasympathetic outflow, and (6) neurotransmitter content and effects of various neurotransmitters. It is thought that a fundamental reciprocal inhibition relationship might exist between the muscular contraction-evoked pressor reflex and various depressor reflexes; and therefore, key points in both types of reflexes will be studied. The analysis techniques will include the use of 1) both extra and intracellular single cell electrical recording 2) immunocytochemical labelling and 3) microinjection and microiontophoresis to identify various transmitter substances. The studies will yield a further understanding of processes underlying pressor reflexes and their reciprocal relationship with depressor reflexes. Furthermore, the techniques of immunocytochemical labelling, intracellular recording and microiontophoresis are areas for career development training.