Revealing Long-Term Change in Vegetation Landscapes: The English Lake District and Beyond

生态恢复和野化是景观管理的常见做法。这两种方法都旨在恢复过去的景观，并在这样做的过程中增强生物多样性。不幸的是，虽然我们对过去的景观有很好的了解，但我们对居住在这些景观中的物种却知之甚少。使用现代科学方法的植物学调查直到20世纪60年代左右才开始，在此之前，数据是不同的描述性来源，这给科学家的使用带来了许多挑战。由于缺乏容易获得的数据，很难就如何保护或恢复生境作出管理决定。在这个项目中，我们将汇集来自景观历史，数字人文，植物学和保护的学者来应对这一挑战。使用数字人文学科的方法，我们可以访问植物学家不容易访问的广泛来源。我们将利用我们已经收集的300多篇文本的语料库。在一系列的研讨会中，我们将探讨如何恰当地使用这些数据，并将其信息传达给对现在和未来的景观感兴趣的学者和非学者。在网络的过程中，我们将利用研讨会开发和阴影一系列的范例，我们的技术在行动集中在少数物种在湖区。我们的第一个研讨会将集中在我们如何可以提取物种名称从历史文本中以数字形式。本次研讨会将自然语言处理（NLP）和数字人文技术专家与景观历史学家一起探索和应用NLP，地理信息系统（GIS）和定性空间表示（QSR）等方法，以解决在了解物种以及记录地点和时间方面面临的一些挑战。定位是一个特别具有挑战性的问题，因为我们必须能够科普和联合收割机结合地名和其他类型的信息，如“.”。在博罗代尔的低坡上“我们的第二个研讨会将重点放在将这些来源整合到现代植物学中使用的建模方法中。历史学家和植物学家很少一起工作，所以这将是一个弥合学科分歧的绝佳机会。一个关键的挑战将是数据的准确性，我们的来源有限和分散的性质的影响，对所谓的'记录器的努力。“最后一次研讨会将侧重于交流这些数据的新方法，将来自一系列学科的专家与规划师和遗产部门代表等利益相关者聚集在一起。研讨会将报告前两次研讨会的结果，并探讨如何以最佳方式将数据传达给那些认为数据最有用的人。它还将为出版和未来的赠款申请制定一个议程，以进一步发展该网络。

Ecological restoration and re-wilding are common practices in the management of landscapes. Both of these approaches aim to restore past landscapes and, in doing so, enhance biodiversity. Unfortunately, whilst we have a good understanding of what past landscapes looked like, we have little idea of what the species were that inhabited those landscapes. Botanical surveys using modern scientific approaches did not start until around the 1960s and prior to this data is in disparate and descriptive sources which pose many challenges for scientists to use. The lack of readily accessible data makes it difficult to make management decisions regarding how habitats should be conserved or restored. In this project we will bring together academics from landscape history, digital humanities, and botany and conservation to address this challenge. Using approaches from digital humanities we can access a wide range of sources that are not easily accessible to botanists. We will utilise a corpus of over 300 texts that we have already assembled. In a series of workshops we will explore the major challenges involved in using this data appropriately and communicating its information to academics and non-academics who are interested in the landscapes of the present and the future. Over the course of the network we will use the workshops to develop and shade a series of exemplars of our techniques in action focusing on a small number of species in the Lake District.Our first workshop will focus on how we can extract species names from historical texts in digital form. This workshop will bring experts in natural language processing (NLP) and digital humanities techniques together with landscape historians to explore and apply approaches such as NLP, geographical information systems (GIS) and qualitative spatial representation (QSR) to address some of the challenges faced in understanding what species there were, and where and when they were recorded. Location is a particularly challenging as we must be able to cope with and combine both place names and other types of information such as "...on the lower slopes above Borrowdale." Our second workshop will focus on integrating these sources into the modelling approaches used in modern botany. Historians and botanists very rarely work together so this will be an excellent opportunity to bridge this disciplinary divide. One key challenge will be data accuracy, the implications of the limited and fragmented nature of our sources, on the so called 'recorder effort.' The final workshop will focus on novel ways to communicate this data bringing together experts from a range of disciplines together with stakeholders such as planners and representatives of the heritage sector. The workshop will report on the findings from the previous two workshops and explore how data can be best communicated to those who will find it most useful. It will also develop an agenda for publication and future grant applications to further develop the network.