Build Back Better: a participatory approach to mapping, measuring and mobilising cultural heritage in Brazil's Iron Quadrangle

这项研究解决了巴西文化遗产面临的严重威胁，这是一种被预测的危害，一直被一系列国际科学专家、当地工程师和社区活动家作为紧急关注的问题而不断提出。一个试点项目将在巴西的铁四边形（Quadrilatero Ferrifero）内进行，这是一个具有丰富文化、环境和历史价值的地区，也是巴西最大的铁矿石储量所在地。铁四合院包括两个联合国教科文组织世界遗产（欧鲁普雷图和孔戈尼斯），五个被列为巴西国家遗产的城镇，数百个列出的纪念碑，独特的考古遗址和一些巴西重要的土著岩画和陶瓷。铁四合院的黄金、皂石和充满活力的矿物颜料在17世纪和18世纪被雕塑家、画家、工匠和工程师改造成代表巴西巴洛克风格典范的建筑。该地区丰富的非物质文化根植于品味、声音、文字、节奏、舞蹈、装饰和仪式中，这些文化是在充满争议的历史中形成的，是在巴西最令人眩晕、最苍翠的土地上开采出来的。然而，由于工业采矿造成的灾难性自然灾害和人道主义灾难，人民、优秀的自然环境和丰富的文化遗产正面临着迫在眉睫的威胁。2015年至2019年期间发生的两次重大山体滑坡和洪水事件导致近300人丧生，并对1000公里流域造成了环境破坏。尽管巴西的铁四合院具有独特的文化意义，但目前还没有系统的研究来衡量最近的灾难对该地区文化遗产或当地社区生活的影响。该项目将试行一种以社区为基础的协作方法，以解决巴西目前灾害应对政策中长期缺乏数据的问题。与Inhotim研究所（拉丁美洲最大的户外艺术收藏和巴西最负盛名的当代艺术画廊之一）合作，研究团队将提出并测试一种方法，以培训当地艺术和文化组织的代表，共同创建文化实践和资产清单。使用多学科指标工具来校准文化价值，研究将检验文化遗产在转型和再生过程中的作用。该项目将把Inhotim建成一个能力中心——“枢纽”——一个以社区为基础的研究战略，该战略重视文化遗产，将其作为确保生存免受未来风险的一种手段。该项目的一个主要目标是通过与当地社区、艺术家和文化组织对话，突出文化资产和资源的可衡量的社会、文化和经济效益，加强文化遗产在社会议程中的作用，并影响决策者的决策。

This research addresses an acute threat to Brazilian cultural heritage from a predicted hazard that has been persistently raised as an urgent concern by a range of international scientific experts, local engineers and community activists. A pilot project will be undertaken within Brazil's Quadrilatero Ferrifero (Iron Quadrangle), a region of rich cultural, environmental and historical value but also the site of Brazil's largest iron ore reserves. The Iron Quadrangle includes two UNESCO World Heritage sites (Ouro Preto and Congonhas), five towns classified as Brazilian National Heritage sites, hundreds of listed monuments, unique archaeological sites and some of Brazil's significant indigenous rock paintings and ceramics. The gold, soapstone and vibrant pigments of the minerals of the Iron Quadrangle were transformed in the 17th and 18th centuries by sculptors, painters, craftworkers and engineers into architecture that represents the apotheosis of the Brazilian Baroque. The region's abundant immaterial culture is rooted in tastes, sounds, words, rhythms, dances, decorations and rituals that have been forged in contested histories and mined from Brazil's most vertiginous and verdant land. Yet the people, the outstanding natural environment and the rich cultural heritage are at imminent risk from catastrophic natural and humanitarian disaster resulting from industrial mining. Two major landslip and flood events between 2015-2019 resulted in the loss of almost 300 lives and wreaked environmental devastation along a 1000km watershed. Despite the unique cultural significance of Brazil's Iron Quadrangle, there has been no systematic research to measure the impact of recent disasters on the region's cultural heritage or on the lives of local communities. The project will pilot a community-based, collaborative approach to redressing the chronic lack of data in Brazil's current disaster response policy. In partnership with the Inhotim Institute (Latin America's largest outdoor art collection and one of Brazil's most prestigious contemporary art galleries), the research team will propose and test a method to train representatives from local arts and cultural organisations in methodologies that co-create inventories of cultural practices and assets. Using multi-disciplinary indicator tools to calibrate cultural value the research will examine what role cultural heritage can have as part of a process of transformation and regeneration. The project will establish Inhotim as a competence centre - 'hub' - for a community-based research strategy that values cultural heritage as a means of securing survival against future risks. A key aim of this project is to enhance cultural heritage's role in social agendas and influence decisions by policy makers by highlighting the measurable social, cultural and economic benefits of cultural assets and resources in dialogue with local communities, artists and cultural organisations.