Addressing the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Brazil.

对儿童的商业性剥削(CSEC)在巴西是一个被广泛忽视的重大问题。新出现的证据表明，由于巴西经济危机和新冠肺炎大流行，越来越多的儿童成为这一令人发指的犯罪行为的受害者或易受影响。然而，现有的政策应对措施在有效解决这一问题方面成效有限，特别是在这场危机的背景下。缺乏有力的证据表明，什么方法能够支持有效的政策制定，幸存者的声音和观点显然没有出现在这些进程中。然而，目前以强有力的、以证据为基础的和幸存者知情的方式全面解决这一问题的机会很少，因为在未来18个月内将重新制定管理巴西应对CSEC的一些关键的州和国家计划。我们的研究将通过对幸存者和处于危险中的儿童进行丰富的叙述性采访，以及对从事保护和执法工作的组织的关键线人进行半结构化采访，帮助填补巴西CSEC的知识空白。幸存者和处境危险儿童的叙述将提供对转介和支助经历的直接见解，查明幸存者的需求、提供方面的差距、幸存者以及儿童自己对如何改革政策和做法的看法。这种叙事分析(采用基于道德讲故事的方法)允许幸存者和儿童控制他们自己对研究的参与，设定对话的优先事项和议程，从而形成调查结果和建议。访谈将侧重于总结与巴西现有的支助基础设施合作以及在这些基础设施内开展工作的经验，帮助确定国家和州政策与实地现实之间的差距。这些主要数据将与法律、政策和结构审查相结合，以确定当前的应对措施和差距，以及对行政和案例数据的分析，以便对CSEC政策和实践进行多尺度跨学科调查。综合起来，这些数据将有助于更完整和细致入微地了解CSEC的动态、违规模式的持续演变以及国家和国家应对措施及其执行方面的差距。该项目将提供所需的证据和指导，以便快速、以证据为基础和以幸存者为中心，修订巴西儿童经社文中心对儿童的政策和保护，体现亲身经历的背景和完整性，为更有效的国家和州一级的儿童经社文中心应对措施提供基础。我们的研究承认，CSEC受到外源性冲击和环境因素的影响。新冠肺炎“、为应对这一流行病而采取的措施以及长期的社会和经济影响已经并可能继续加剧这一问题，对儿童易受性暴力侵害的脆弱性、巴西最脆弱社区的普遍早产症以及对他们进行性剥削的方法产生了巨大影响。巴西的经济危机和政治变化也对CSEC的脆弱性、动态和应对措施产生了重大影响。然而，关于这些变化的动力的证据极其有限。因此，这项研究将处理这些外部冲击对CSEC的严重影响，制定受害者援助工作流程、政策和实践指导，以帮助减轻其不利影响，并帮助保护巴西最脆弱的儿童。

Commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) is a major and widely neglected problem in Brazil. Emerging evidence indicates that increasing numbers of children are becoming victims of, or vulnerable to, this heinous criminal act as a result of Brazil's economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, existing policy responses have demonstrated limited success in effectively tackling the problem, particularly in this crisis context. There is a lack of robust evidence of what works to support effective policy development, and survivor voices and perspectives have been notably absent from these processes. However, there is currently a narrow window of opportunity to address this problem comprehensively-and in a robust, evidence-based and survivor-informed manner-as a number of the key state and national plans that govern CSEC response in Brazil are due to be reformulated in the next 18 months. Our study will help fill knowledge gaps on CSEC in Brazil by drawing on rich narrative interviews with survivors and children at-risk, as well as semi-structured interviews with key informants from organisations working in protection and enforcement. The narratives of survivors and at-risk children will provide direct insights into experiences of referral and support, identifying survivors needs, gaps in provision, and survivors and children's own perspectives on how policy and practice should be reformed. This narrative analysis (adopting an approach based on ethical storytelling) allows survivors and children to control their own participation in the research, set the priorities and agenda for the conversation, and therefore shape findings and recommendations. Interviews will focus on eliciting experiences of working with, and within, the support infrastructure that exists in Brazil, helping to identify gaps between national and state policy, and realities on the ground. This primary data will be combined with law, policy, and structural review identifying current responses and gaps, as well as analysis of administrative and case data, for a multi-scalar interdisciplinary investigation of CSEC policy and practice. Brought together, this data will help to provide a more complete and nuanced view of the dynamics of CSEC, continued evolutions to offending patterns, and gaps in state and national responses, and their implementation. The project will provide the evidence and guidance needed for rapid, evidence-based and survivor-centred revisions to policy and safeguarding of children from CSEC in Brazil, that represent the context and integrity of lived experience, to provide the basis for more effective national and state-level CSEC responses. Our research acknowledges that CSEC is influenced by exogenous shocks and environmental factors. COVID-19, the measures employed in response to the pandemic, and the long-term social and economic impacts have, and will likely continue to exacerbate this problem, having a huge impact on children's vulnerability to CSEC, and the general precarity of Brazil's most vulnerable communities, as well as the methods used to sexually exploit them. Brazil's economic crisis and political shifts have also substantially influenced CSEC vulnerabilities, dynamics, and responses. Yet, evidence on these changing dynamics is extremely limited. This research will therefore tackle the critical impacts of these exogenous shocks on CSEC, formulating victim assistance workflows, policy and practice guidance to help mitigate their adverse impacts and help protect Brazil's most vulnerable children.