MECHANISMS OF SPEECH MOTOR CONTROL

拟议研究的总体目标是确定基本的 控制程序和基本组织原则 言语运动的控制和协调。在这个范围内 更广泛的目标是四个具体目标：1)详细说明时间- 不同的电机控制特性，2)评估程度和 感觉运动对控制的贡献度，3)描述 某些材料的力学性能的相互作用 与持续控制流程相关的发音人员，以及4) 描述并列和顺序时序关系 在各种语言动作中。一个重要的组成部分， 建议的研究涉及对多种肌肉动作的分析。 以及随之而来的意外扰动后的运动 用于各种演讲之前和期间的嘴唇和下巴 动作手势。通过系统地改变时间和 微扰的波形特征是可能的 识别运动的传入敏感阶段并评估 基本控制方案的时变特性。因此， 马达输出的扰动被视为对动态的一种探索 控制系统的性质以及评估 躯体感觉传入在运动控制中的作用 输出。拟议研究的第二个组成部分涉及 多个肌肉和运动变异的描述性分析 与各种声音和声音的产生有关 需要不同程度的嘴唇和下巴动作的组合。 以补充拟议实验的综合性 是对混凝土的力学性能的初步调查 嘴唇和下巴，因为它们可能有助于或限制语言运动 制作。任何假想操作的意义，无论是 移动比例或协同发音，不应被解释 而不考虑物理植物的属性 通过它，行为是明显的。总体而言，获得的数据 应从拟议的研究中提供重要的信息 多维视角下的言语运动过程 反映中央与外周的相互作用，时变控制 原理，以及多路串联和并联调节 发音器反映神经生理底物 言语运动行为的特征。

The overall objective of the proposed research is to identify basic control processes and fundamental organizing principles underlying the control and coordination of speech movements. Within this broader objective are four specific aims: 1) to detail the time- varying motor control properties, 2) to evaluate the extent and degree of sensorimotor contributions to the control, 3) to describe the interaction of the mechanical properties of certain articulators with the ongoing control process, and 4) to characterize the coordination and sequential timing relations during various speech movements. An important component of the proposed research involves the analysis of multiple muscle actions and resulting movements following unanticipated perturbations applied to the lips and jaw prior to and during various speech movement gestures. By systematically varying the timing and waveform characteristics of the perturbations it will be possible to identify afferent-sensitive phases of movement and evaluate the time-varying nature of the underlying control schemes. As such, perturbation of motor output is viewed as a probe into the dynamic nature of the control system as well as a means to evaluate the contributions of somatic sensory afferents to the control of motor output. A second component of the proposed research involves descriptive analysis of multiple muscle and movement variations associated with the production of various sounds and sound combinations requiring differing degrees of lip and jaw actions. To complement the integrative nature of the proposed experiments are preliminary investigations of the mechanical properties of the lips and jaw as they may contribute to or constrain speech movement production. The significance of any hypothetical operation, be it movement scaling or coarticulation, should not be interpreted without consideration of the properties of the physical plant through which behavior is manifest. Overall, the data obtained from the proposed studies should provide important information on the speech motor process from a multidimensional perspective reflecting central-peripheral interactions, time-varying control principles, and serial aNd parallel adjustments of multiple articulators as they reflect on the neurophysiological substrate of speech motor behavior.