Transforming India's Green Revolution by Research and Empowerment for Sustainable food Supplies

TIGR2ESS：通过研究和赋予可持续粮食供应权力来改变印度的绿色革命印度在20世纪70年代的绿色革命中创纪录的粮食产量使印度成为世界上最大的农业生产国之一，使印度从一个饥饿的国家转变为粮食出口国，创造了就业机会，促进了经济发展。然而，在这一非凡成就的背后，印度不同地区的成功程度各不相同，以及水、化肥、农药和其他化学品的过度使用达到了不可持续的规模。就农业生产力而言，绿色革命的技术在20世纪80年代达到了顶峰，然而，对集约化农业战略的持续坚持导致了对水和养分资源的压力越来越大。拟议的项目（TIGR2ESS）将在精心挑选的英国和印度作物科学、水文学、社会科学和政策专家网络之间发展和加强联盟，允许双向知识交流伙伴关系来确定印度第二次绿色革命的要求，制定必要的政策议程，确定一个以可持续作物生产和可持续资源利用为重点的合作研究项目（重点是在不断变化的季风气候下从农民到消费者的用水）。共同努力将使我们能够将挑战置于当今印度社会正在发生的广泛变化的背景下，包括：城市化，吸引许多人离开农村工作，特别是男性；技术发展使粮食部门的就业机会远离初级生产。关于印度现代农业实践的选择必须反映社会需求，而我们对这些需求的理解将帮助我们将随后的研究项目及其转化为对今天的印度来说在技术上和社会上都可以接受——而且是可能的——的结果。这个项目的目标是印度，但也适用于其他发展中国家，这些国家正在超越1960年代的第一次绿色革命，由于社会和环境压力而面临前所未有的变化。TIGR2ESS联盟将结合两种创新方法来解决印度的这些问题：首先，一系列旗舰研究项目将解决基础研究问题，并通过推广、教育和创业激励的转化计划整合其交付和影响；第二，一系列能力建设学术交流将支持印度和英国的顶尖科学家提出合作研究问题，并允许对更多的初级科学家进行广泛培训，以实现这些进展。作为TIGR2ESS提案的核心，旗舰项目将解决基础研究问题，其中第一个项目将提供一个总体分析，以确定印度“第二次”绿色革命的要求。第二，一个研究能力交流项目将允许40多名高级和年轻的研究人员在印度或英国工作，在整个项目的研究领域提供培训和技能提升的机会。更多的实地社区调查和讲习班将促进农村社区的参与和赋权。总的来说，该方案将处理在日益城市化的背景下农民面临的相关人口和平等问题。两个核心旗舰项目将使用基本的科学方法来解决作物科学（扩大主食的生产潜力并为孤儿作物提供经验教训）和可持续资源（重点关注从农民到消费者在不断变化的季风气候下的水资源和可持续利用）方面的关键问题。最后的旗舰项目将把这些发现转化为促进机会平等、激励创业精神和制定农村社区营养教育方案。

TIGR2ESS: Transforming India's Green Revolution by Research and Empowerment for Sustainable food SuppliesThe record grain outputs of India's Green Revolution in the 1970's established India as one of the world's largest agricultural producers, transforming the country from a starving nation to a food exporter, creating jobs and boosting the economy. However, behind this extraordinary achievement were varying levels of success across different Indian regions, and overuse of water, fertilisers, pesticides and other chemicals on an unsustainable scale. In terms of agricultural productivity, the technologies of the Green Revolution plateaued in the 1980s, yet the continued adherence to a strategy of intensive agriculture has led to increasing pressure on water and nutrient resources.The proposed project (TIGR2ESS) will develop and strengthen alliances across a carefully selected network of UK and Indian experts in crop science, hydrology, social science and policy, allowing two-way knowledge exchange partnership to define the requirements for a second Green Revolution in India, set the necessary policy agenda, and define a collaborative research programme focused on sustainable crop production and sustainable resource use (with a focus on water use from farmer to consumer in a changing monsoon climate).Working together will enable us to contextualise the challenge in terms of the widespread changes taking place in Indian society today, including: urbanisation, drawing many away from rural work, particularly men; and technological developments transforming the employment opportunities within food sector away from primary production. Choices about modern agricultural practices in India must reflect societal needs, and our understanding of these needs will help us orientate the subsequent research programme and its translation towards an outcome that is both technically and socially acceptable - and possible - for today's India.The target for this programme is India, but relevance is in other developing countries, which in moving beyond the first Green Revolution of the 1960's, face unprecedented change due to societal and environmental pressures. The TIGR2ESS consortium will combine two innovative approaches to tackle these issues in India:Firstly, a series of Flagship Research projects will address fundamental research issues, and integrate their delivery and impact via a translational programme of outreach, education and entrepreneurial stimuli; secondly, a series of capacity building academic exchanges will support leading researchers from India and UK to frame collaborative research questions, and allow extensive training of more junior researchers to deliver these advances. At the heart of the TIGR2ESS proposal, the Flagship Projects will tackle fundamental research questions, with the first providing an overarching analysis to define the requirements for a 'second' Green Revolution in India. Secondly, a programme of research capacity exchanges will allow over 40 senior and young researchers to work in India or the UK, providing training and skills enhancement opportunities in research areas across the programme. Additional field-based community surveys and workshops will promote rural community engagement and empowerment. Overall, the programme will address the associated demographic and equality issues facing farmers in the context of increasing urbanisation. Two core Flagship Projects will use fundamental scientific approaches to address key issues in Crop Sciences (broadening the production potential of dietary staples and providing lessons for orphan crops) and Sustainable Resources (with a focus on water sources and sustainable use, from farmer to consumer, in a changing monsoon climate). The final Flagship project will translate these findings in order to promote equal opportunities, stimulate entrepreneurship and develop educational programmes for nutrition across rural communities.