Understanding evolution of fungicide resistance in wheat blast field populations in Brazil; can we learn lessons for future disease management?

由于缺乏宿主抗性和作物保护产品的有限供应，一些疾病变得非常难以控制。阻力，更严格的法规和新产品的缓慢管道正在减少可用的化学类别的范围。这导致了对具有较少作用模式的化合物的更大依赖性，并且随后增加了对进一步耐药情况的选择压力。为了延长新的和现有的活性物质的保质期，需要进化智能的综合害虫管理战略。该项目将重点关注植物病原体禾谷梨孢菌（Pyricularia graminis-trillium），它是小麦稻瘟病的病原体，小麦稻瘟病是巴西一种非常难以控制的重要真菌疾病，有几组杀真菌剂（例如甾醇脱甲基酶、醌外和琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂）变得无效。小麦稻瘟病是巴西中部和南部的一种主要疾病，1985年在巴拉那州首次描述。继2016年孟加拉国出现小麦瘟病后，2017年进一步蔓延到印度。由于受污染的种子进口，这些亚洲菌株与巴西的菌株相同，预计该疾病将进入巴基斯坦，东南亚和非洲，预计将影响数百万营养不良人口的粮食安全，福利和经济增长。为了提高疾病控制，需要更好地了解流行病学，杀菌剂敏感性状况和疾病管理策略。在这个项目中，我们将集中在所有三个方面，使用最新的孢子捕获技术，杀真菌剂表型和基因分型测定以及杀真菌剂靶蛋白表达系统，从而能够调查靶突变对酶功能和杀真菌剂结合的影响。这些工具是通用的，可以应用于其他植物病原体。

Some diseases are becoming very difficult to control due to lack of host resistance and limited availability of crop protection products. Resistance, tighter regulations and a slowing pipeline of new products are reducing the range of available chemical classes. This has lead to a greater dependence of compounds with fewer modes of action and, subsequently, increases the selective pressure for further cases of resistance. In order to increase the shelf life of new and currently available actives, evolution-smart integrated pest management strategies are needed.This project will focus on the plant pathogen Pyricularia graminis-tritici (Pygt), the causal agent of wheat blast, an important fungal disease in Brazil that is very difficult to control, with several groups of fungicides (e.g. sterol demethylase, quinone outside and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors) having become ineffective. Wheat blast has been a major disease across central and southern Brazil and was first described in Paraná State in 1985. Following the emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh in 2016, it has further spread into India in 2017. These Asian strains are the same as that of Brazil due to contaminated seed import, and the disease is expected to move into Pakistan, South East Asia and Africa and is expected to impact food security, welfare and economic growth of millions of undernourished people. To improve disease control, a better understanding of the epidemiology, the fungicide sensitivity status and disease management strategies are needed. In this project we will focus on all three aspects using the lastest spore trapping technology, fungicide pheno- and genotyping assays as well as a fungicide target protein expression system, enabling to investigate the impact of target mutations on enzyme function and fungicide binding. These tools are generic and can be applied for other plant pathogens.