GCRF One Health Poultry Hub

城市化，伴随着收入的增加，继续导致对动物蛋白的需求增加。禽肉和蛋类是全球人类最大的蛋白质来源，一个主要的挑战是实现可持续的扩张，同时减少以下疾病对健康的风险：1）流行性禽流感，2）抗菌素耐药性，3）食源性人畜共患病，包括弯曲杆菌，沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌。大肠杆菌4）破坏天然鸡肠道微生物组，导致病原体携带增加。该研究直接涉及联合国可持续发展目标1（无贫困），2（零饥饿）和3（健康和幸福），并有助于5（性别平等）6（清洁水和卫生），9（工业、创新和基础设施），11（可持续城市和社区），以及12在南亚和东南亚，家禽生产正在迅速扩大，价值链比高收入环境更加多样化。在非正规和有组织的家禽部门，集约化的目的是为家庭和地方、国家和区域市场生产廉价的蛋白质，但它也会促进健康危害的产生。高放养密度、快速周转、遗传同质性、复杂的运输和贸易网络、活禽市场、生物安全性差以及抗菌剂和疫苗的不当使用，都在宿主-病原体演变和选择致病力、疫苗和/或抗菌剂耐药性增加以及宿主范围扩大的病原体变体方面发挥作用。通过迭代方法，我们将（1）在社会经济学、人类行为、病原体进化和疾病传播之间建立特定的因果关系，（2）确定家禽生产链和网络中特别高风险的“节点”，（3）测试和评估干预措施。（技术、行为和监管），为各级生产系统设计并实施。通过研究处于不同集约化阶段的四个国家（孟加拉国、印度、斯里兰卡和越南）的家禽价值链，我们将对增加风险的生产因素有一个深入和普遍的了解，包括那些决定价值链沿着决策和行为的因素。利用创新方法，加强现有的微生物学，流行病学和社会科学，我们将贡献基于研究的证据，以支持能够满足预期需求的政策和系统，同时最大限度地减少不利的公共卫生后果。这包括在特征鲜明的系统中设计干预措施，评估其影响，并为从低强度系统向高强度系统过渡的弹性管理生成研究知情模型。为确保全球相关性，我们纳入了强化程度不同的环境，以及其流行病学、社会经济和文化背景。该中心拥有综合的愿景，拥有可扩展的研究组合，并有能力在创新的全球议程中发挥战略作用。我们将明确建设跨学科研究的能力，这对中心至关重要，并支持国家和地区层面的跨部门合作。如果没有政府和跨国机构的有效管理，以及对鸡肉生产的全球政治经济学的更深入了解，我们假设，随着家禽生产继续大幅扩大，并要求增加投入，如加工饲料和抗生素，集约化的有害后果的风险将增加。

Urbanisation, accompanied by rising incomes, continues to lead increased demands for animal protein. Poultry meat and eggs are the biggest global source of protein for humans and a major challenge is to achieve sustainable expansion whilst reducing risk to health from 1) Epidemic Avian Influenza, 2) antimicrobial resistance, 3) foodborne zoonoses including Campylobacter, Salmonella and E. coli 4) Disruption of the natural chicken gut microbiome, leading to increased pathogen carriage.The research directly addresses UN Sustainable Development Goals 1 (No Poverty), 2 (Zero hunger) and 3 (Good health and well-being), and contributes also to 5 (Gender Equality) 6 (Clean water and sanitation), 9 (Industry, innovation and infrastructure), 11 (Sustainable cities and communities), and 12 (Responsible consumption and production)In South and SE Asia, poultry production is expanding rapidly and value chains are more diverse than in high-income settings. Intensification, in informal and organised poultry sectors, aims to produce cheap protein for families and for local, national and regional markets but it can also promote the generation of health hazards. High stocking densities, fast turnover, genetic homogeneity, complex transport and trading networks, live bird markets, poor biosecurity and inappropriate use of antimicrobials and vaccines all play roles in host-pathogen evolution and in selection of pathogen variants with increased virulence, vaccine and/or antimicrobial resistance and broadened host range. Through an iterative approach we will (1) establish specific causal connections between socio-economics, human behaviours, pathogen evolution and disease transmission, (2) identify 'nodes' of particularly high risk in poultry production chains and networks, and (3) test and evaluate interventions .Significant reductions in risk to human and animal health require holistic interventions (technical, behavioural and regulatory) designed for, and implemented across, all levels of production systems. By studying poultry value chains in four countries at differing stages of intensification (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Vietnam), we will achieve a deep and generalizable understanding of production factors that increase risk, including those that govern decision-making and behaviours along value chains. Using innovative methods that enhance existing microbiological, epidemiological and social science, we will contribute research-based evidence to support policies and systems that can meet anticipated demand whilst minimising adverse public health consequences. This includes designing interventions in well-characterised systems, evaluating their impacts, and generating research-informed models for resilient management of transition from lower to higher intensity systems. To ensure global relevance, we include settings that vary in their levels of intensification, as well as their epidemiological, socio-economic and cultural contexts. With an integrated vision, the Hub has a portfolio of scalable research and the capacity to play a strategic role in an innovative global agenda. We will explicitly build capacity for the interdisciplinary research that is essential for a Hub, and for supporting cross-sectorial collaborations at national and regional levels. Without effective stewardship by governments and transnational agencies and a greater understanding of the global political economy of chicken production, we hypothesise that the risk of deleterious outcomes of intensification will increase as poultry production continues to scale up dramatically and demand increased inputs, such as processed feed and antibiotics.