SPATIAL COORDINATES OF VISUO-VESTIBULO-OCULAR REFLEXES

在三维空间中发生的眼睛和头部运动通常 由外部x，y，z轴(笛卡尔)坐标描述 系统。然而，对于协调能力较弱的运动指令，特别是那些 由于多感官的整合，生物系统很可能 使用在几何上不同于 笛卡尔系统。我们之前在辅助光学系统和 小脑提示，大鼠脑内定位框架的坐标轴 前庭-眼球运动和视觉攀升纤维是几何形状的 密切相关。这些平面是三维的，不是正交的， 倾斜和轴对称于中线，事实上，这些结果 提示前庭坐标系可能构成了 几何建筑。因此，提出了用实验来检验 导致视觉调制的几何空间的坐标 已鉴定的第二级前庭神经元包括更广泛的 垂直向下神经网络的形态研究 前庭-眼反射。此外，无论是信号还是图案， 眼外运动神经元和肌肉活动导致代偿眼 我们将研究侧眼和前眼动物的运动。兔子和 CATS将分别用于确定 鉴定出的前庭神经元在这两个物种中确实是相似的。 前庭刺激将由三维转盘提供 以及由三轴天文放映机产生的视觉刺激 全场恒定模式。垂直肌下的神经元网络 前庭眼球反射将用细胞内HRP方法进行研究。 标准的神经生理学技术和眼动测量将 受雇的。数据分析将由在线和离线计算机完成 汇编。该项目的直接目标是准确地描述 半圆形神经管感觉平面与内源性感觉平面的关系 其他感觉和运动坐标系的框架。这一目标将 通过研究不同类别的信息是如何在每个 各个坐标之间相互作用，更具体地说，是如何 这种关系是关于中枢神经元的可视化的 连通性。该提案的长期目标是测试 假设固有坐标系可能对所有人都是通用的 脊椎动物，猫，兔子，金鱼。

Eye and head movements that occur in three-dimensional space are commonly described by the extrinsic orthoganal x,y,z axes (Cartesian) coordinate system. However, for weak coordinated motor commands, especially those resulting from multisensory integration, biological systems are likely to utilize intrinsic reference frames that are geometrically different from Cartesian systems. Our prior studies in the accessory optic system and cerebellum indicated that the coordinate axis for the orientation frames of the vestibulo-oculo motor and visual climbing fibers were geometrically closely related. The planes were three-dimensional, non-orthogonal, oblique and axially symmetric to the midline and in fact, these results suggested that the vestibular coordinate system may form the basic geometric architecture. Accordingly, experiments are proposed to test the coordinates of the geometric space leading to visual modulation of identified secord order vestibular neurons including a broader morphological study of neuronal network underlying vertical vestibulo-ocular reflexes. In addition, both the signals and patterning of extraocular motoneuron and muscle activity leading to compensatory eye movement in lateral- and frontal-eyed animals will be studied. Rabbits and cats, respectively, will be used to determine if the orientation planes of identified vestibular neurons are indeed similar in the two species. Vestibular stimulation will be provided by a three-dimensional turntable and visual stimulation by a three-axis planetarium projector producing a full field constant pattern. The neuronal network underlying the vertical vestibular ocular reflexes will be studied with intracellular HRP methods. Standard neurophysiological techniques and eye movement measurement will be employed. Data analysis will be accomplished by on- and off-line computer compilation. The immediate objective of the project is to describe exactly how the semi-circular canal sensory planes are related to the instrinsic framework for other sensory and motor coordinate systems. This goal will be achieved by studying how different classes of information coded in each individual coordinates interact with each other and, more specifically, how this relationship is visualized in respect to central neuronal connectivity. The long term objective of the proposal is to test the hypothesis that the intrinsic coordinate system may be common for all vertebrate species, cat, rabbit, goldfish.