INVESTIGATIONS OF HUMAN CONE PIGMENT KINETICS

非侵入性的心理物理和电生理技术将 进一步发展和应用于功能的研究， 外层视网膜和脉络膜。 人视锥细胞外展 将使用颜色匹配来研究着色动力学 技术. 由于颜色匹配取决于 颜料的回收和颜料浓度的维持 需要视网膜色素上皮细胞，光感受器; 它们之间的通信，颜色匹配提供了一个敏感的 外视网膜功能探针。 研究对象（包括 糖尿病，贝斯特病，中心性浆液性视网膜病变，年龄相关 黄斑病变、视网膜脱离以及其他）， 根据它们对眼睛的已知影响来选择。 比较 将使我们能够测试疾病的 视网膜功能障碍 颜色匹配也将用于研究消光的变化 光谱和光密度。 在高视网膜 亮度（当颜料浓度低时），颜色 匹配取决于双色素的消光光谱（和 稍微在视网膜前滤波器上）。 在低视网膜照度下 (when颜料浓度高），颜色匹配取决于 对消光光谱和光密度的影响。 通过测量 在这两种情况下，我们都可以获得个人敏感的措施， 差异 了解个体差异可以提供一个 更好地理解视觉灵敏度的决定因素， 也为患者提供了重要的比较基础， 结果 我们还将开发一种非侵入性的光感受器测试方法， 基于眼睛的电使用的转换和适应 稳定闪烁的灯光（稳态视网膜电图 或SSERG）。 使用快速闪烁的光可以隔离 光感受器的反应，并研究illiminance和 这些响应的调制依赖性允许我们间接地 测量视觉过程中的早期事件。 比较 SSERG测量到使用心理物理技术的测量 让我们能够更好地理解 影响外层视网膜的疾病的病理生理学。

Noninvasive psychophysical and electrophysiological techniques will be further developed and applied to the study of the function of the outer retina and choroid. Abnormalities of human cone photopigment kinetics will be studied using color matching techniques. Since color-matches depend on the concentration of photopigment, and maintenance of photopigment concentration requires the retinal pigment epithelium, the photoreceptors: and communication between them, color matching provides a sensitive probe of outer retinal function. Diseases to be studied (including diabetes, Best's disease, central serous retinopathy, age related maculopathy, retinal detachments, as well as others) have been chosen on the basis of their known affect on the eye. Comparison of results across diseases will allow us to test general features of retinal dysfunction. Color matching will also be used to study variations of extinction spectra and optical densitv in the population. At high retinal illuminances (when photopigment concentrations are low), color matches depend on the extinction spectra of the photopigments (and slightly on pre-retinal filters). At low retinal illuminances (when photopigment concentrations are high), color matches depend on both extinction spectra and optical density. By measuring in both conditions we can obtain sensitive measures of individual differences. Understanding individual differences may provide a better understanding of the determinants of visual sensitivity as well as provide an important basis for comparison to patient results. We will also develop a noninvasive test of photoreceptor transduction and adaptation based on the electrical use of the eye to steadily flickering lights (the steady-state electroretinogram or SSERG). Using rapidly flickering light allows isolation of photoreceptor responses, and studying the illiminance and modulation dependence of these responses allows us to indirectly measure very early events in the process of vision. Comparison of SSERG measurements to measurements using psychophysical techniques in the same patients allows us to better understand the pathophysiology of diseases affecting the outer retina.