Greenhouse gas removal with UK agriculture via enhanced rock weathering

要履行英国到2050年实现净零碳排放的义务，需要利用温室气体去除(GGR)技术在几十年内捕获和存储约1.3亿吨二氧化碳当量(CO2当量)年-1的剩余排放。挑战是在不招致重大经济成本的情况下实现本世纪中叶的严格减排。增强岩石风化(ERW)是一种GGR技术，基于用破碎的富含钙和镁的硅酸盐岩石改良土壤以加速自然二氧化碳封存过程，同时为作物生产、食品安全和土壤健康带来协同效益。该ERW-GGR演示器将首次对英国农业中部署增强岩石风化的科学、社会和可伸缩性的机会和挑战进行完整的系统评估。它将通过测试ERW在可耕地和覆盖英国74%的农业利用面积(约1300万公顷)的草地类型上的实施情况，来评估ERW消除英国净零GGR目标的潜力。潜在的共同好处包括通过减少土壤过度酸度来提高生产力，为土壤补充耗尽的植物必需的矿物质养分，通过更多的二氧化硅吸收提高作物对病虫害的抵抗力，以及减少土壤一氧化二氮的排放。我们将通过一个创造性、创新性和激动人心的跨学科协作计划来应对用粉碎的硅酸盐岩石(玄武岩)开发战争遗留爆炸物-GGR的挑战，该计划包括四个相互关联的工作包：Wp1)代表英国主要土地用途的大规模分流域、田间或地块试验，包括全面的温室气体预算，WP2)公众参与度、社会接受度和负责任的创新，作为GGR技术，WP3)供应链生命周期评估和可伸缩性案例研究道路地图部署情景5和15-20年后示范，和WP4)开发和应用先进的建模框架，对英国农业的GGR及其对农业经济的影响进行现实评估。战争遗留爆炸物演示器将在具有长期基线数据集的三个国家重要旗舰现场开发。Plynlimon实验流域(威尔士中部)是英国运行时间最长的流域研究机构，拥有两对流域40年的监测数据，这些流域以山地草原为主，子流域位于相同的基岩和土壤上。在英格兰，我们将利用两个核心的BBSRC设施：Rothamsted Research的北威克草原实验平台，德文郡，以及他们在哈彭登的尖端耕地研究设施。我们的跨学科方案融合了自然科学和社会科学，前者确定在英国耕地和牧场部署战争遗留爆炸物的环境效益和风险，后者有助于深入了解公众对战争遗留爆炸物的看法和当地社区对战争遗留爆炸物的接受程度。我们将在整个WPS范围内，为战争遗留爆炸物在英国农业中大规模运营构建一个社会许可证，并为演示者制定负责任的研究和创新计划。我们正在计划三个由示威者领导的活动、政策简报和与农业和园艺发展委员会的外联活动，以促进学术、商业和政策互动，并确保与更广泛的利益相关者社区的定期联系。我们的工作包括与利益攸关方和看门人进行现场工作，以了解当地农村社区当前的文化和社会背景，然后与社区成员就战争遗留爆炸物提案进行深入的审议研究。该小组将与每个地点先前存在的社区倡议合作，例如，普林利蒙的威尔士政府资金和Rothamsted的Defra资金，以将保护与土地管理变化联系起来。

Meeting the UK's obligations for net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 requires capturing and storing residual emissions of approximately 130 million tonnes of CO2e (CO2 equivalents) yr-1 with greenhouse gas removal (GGR) technologies within decades. The challenge is to achieve stringent mid-century emissions reductions without incurring major economic costs. Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a GGR technology based on amending soils with crushed calcium- and magnesium-rich silicate rocks to accelerate natural CO2 sequestration processes, whilst delivering co-benefits for crop production, food security and soil health.This ERW-GGR Demonstrator will provide the first integrated whole system assessment of the science, societal and scalability opportunities and challenges of ERW deployment in UK agriculture. It will assess the potential of ERW to remove up to 10% of the UK's GGR net-zero target by testing its implementation on arable land and the types of grassland covering 74% of UK utilized agricultural area (~13 million ha). Potential co-benefits include improved productivity by reducing excess soil acidity, resupplying soils with depleted plant-essential mineral nutrients, increased crop resistance to pests and pathogens, via greater silica uptake, and reducing soil nitrous oxide fluxes. Quantification of these co-benefits will generate evidence for catalysing early adoption and accelerating development pathways into standard agricultural practices.We will address the challenge of developing ERW-GGR with crushed silicate rock (basalt) through a creative, innovative and exciting cross-disciplinary collaborative programme comprising four interlinked Work Packages: WP1) large-scale sub-catchment, field or plot trials representing major UK land uses, including full GHG budgeting, WP2) public engagement, social acceptability and responsible innovation of ERW as a GGR technology, WP3) supply chain Life Cycle Assessment and scalability case studies road-mapping deployment scenarios 5 and 15-20 year post-Demonstrator, and WP4) development and application of an advanced modelling framework for realistic assessment of GGR with UK agriculture and its impact on farm economics.The ERW Demonstrator will be developed across three nationally important flagship field sites with long-term baseline datasets. The Plynlimon Experimental Catchments (mid-Wales) form the UK's longest-running catchment research facility, with 40 years of monitoring data from two paired catchments dominated by upland grassland with sub-catchments on the same bedrock and soils. In England, we will utilize two core BBSRC facilities: Rothamsted Research's North Wyke grassland experimental platform, Devon, and their cutting-edge arable research facility in Harpenden. Our interdisciplinary programme integrates across the natural and social sciences, with the former identifying environmental benefits and risks of deployment on UK arable and pastureland, and the latter contributing in-depth knowledge of public perceptions and local community acceptance of ERW. Working across WPs, we will construct a social license for ERW to operate at-scale in UK agriculture and develop a Responsible Research and Innovation programme for the Demonstrator.We are planning three Demonstrator-led events, Policy Briefings, and outreach events with the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, to facilitate academic, business and policy interactions and ensure regular contact with the wider stakeholder communities. Our work includes in situ work with stakeholders and gatekeepers to fill in the current cultural and social background of local rural communities, followed by in-depth deliberative research regarding ERW proposals with community members. The team will work with pre-existing community initiatives at each site, e.g., Welsh Government funding at Plynlimon and Defra funding of Rothamsted for linking conservation with land management changes.