21EJP SOIL: SymbiOtIc soLutions for HEalthy Agricultural Landscapes (SOIL HEAL)

SOIL-HEAL的总体目标是实现共生土壤真菌对可持续农业的潜力，从而实现EJP土壤呼吁的一个关键目标，即促进全面和可持续的农业土壤管理实践。大多数植物与土壤真菌共同进化形成根真菌（“菌根”）共生体，这对于调节自然和农业环境中的许多生态系统功能和服务至关重要。菌根真菌的一个重要特征是它们形成“网络”的能力，该网络（广义上）包括三个不同的元素：外根菌丝体，共同的菌根网络（CMN），其中真菌连接两个或多个植物，以及菌根植物和真菌物种之间的群落水平的“相互作用网络”。尽管菌根共生在农业中具有潜在的巨大重要性，但我们对菌根真菌网络的普遍性和功能及其对农业生态系统恢复力的贡献的理解非常差。在“真实世界”的田间条件下，以及在应对农民和土地管理者使用的共同管理干预措施时，情况尤其如此。为了实现AM真菌在可持续农业中的潜力，SOIL-HEAL旨在通过确定以下内容来促进我们对真菌网络所有三个要素的机械理解：i）植物和真菌相互作用网络的特性; ii）额外自由基菌丝体的生产和周转; iii）真菌网络与关键生态系统功能之间的关系，如温室气体产生;（iv）管理干预措施如何影响真菌网络的范围和功能;（v）真菌网络是否能增强农业生态系统对极端气候，特别是干旱的适应能力，预计干旱的频率和强度将随着气候变化而增加。

The overall goal of SOIL-HEAL is to realise the potential of symbiotic soil fungi for sustainable agriculture, thereby addressing a key aim of the EJP Soil call to foster holistic and sustainable agricultural soil management practices. Most plants have coevolved with soil fungi to form root-fungal ("mycorrhizal") symbioses that are critical for regulating numerous ecosystem functions and services in natural and agricultural settings. An important feature of mycorrhizal fungi is their ability to form 'networks', which (in the broad sense) comprise three distinct elements: extra-radical mycelium, common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), where a fungus links two or more plants, and community-level 'interaction networks' between and among mycorrhizal plant and fungal species. Despite the potential huge importance of mycorrhizal symbioses in agriculture, our understanding of the ubiquity and function of mycorrhizal fungal networks and their contribution to resilience of agri-ecosystems is remarkably poor. This is especially true under 'real-world' field conditions and in response to common management interventions used by farmers and land managers. To realise the potential of AM fungi for sustainable agriculture, SOIL-HEAL seeks to advance our mechanistic understanding of all three elements of fungal networks by determining:i) the properties of interaction networks of plants and fungi; ii) the production and turnover of extra-radical mycelium; iii) the relationships between fungal networks and key ecosystem functions, such as greenhouse gas production; iv) how management interventions influence the extent and function of fungal networks;v) whether fungal networks enhance the resilience of agri-ecosystems to climate extremes, especially drought, which is expected to increase in frequency and intensity with climate change.