DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR OF CHILD PEDESTRIAN VICTIMS

美国行人死亡人数超过乘客死亡人数 学龄儿童。 这一问题在以下地区尤为严重： 城市 到目前为止，还没有已知的有效预防方法。 以补充卓有成效的教育工作。 拟议 研究将（1）分析生物学的相互作用， 发展/行为和交通环境导致 行人伤害（PI），和（2）寻求确定发展， 行为和家庭特征使儿童处于危险之中 对于PI。 该研究扩展了试点研究中所做的工作。 200-250 6-11岁的PI受害者（病例）将在以下人群中确定： 芝加哥一家儿科医院创伤中心的住院患者，或 附属于美国儿科学会的执业儿科医生办公室 医院 在医生和家人同意的情况下，日期将是 从关于损伤严重程度的医疗记录中收集， 先前存在的医疗问题 家庭将接受采访 关于家庭星座和受伤事件的细节， 并将完成标准化的调查， （Alpern-Boll，Thurstone），行为（Achenbach）和家庭 环境（Moos，科丁顿）。 教师行为评价 并进行相关性分析， 用于识别儿童的类型（从人口统计学角度， 发展，行为和家庭）和sties（在 交通/环境），并链接类型的网站和儿童。 Logit分析将用于比较轻度和重度病例。 个案将在每月的工作人员进行定性分析， 多学科术语（儿科、社会工作、心理学， 交通工程）来阐明医疗、 发展/行为和交通因素，并建议 潜在机制、概念框架和对策。 未受伤的儿童将被招募，以提供控制平等， 根据年龄、性别、社会地位和 地理起源 对照组将从医院招募 和儿科实践。 控件族将填写 同样的调查作为案例。 病例和对照将使用 离散选择模型，卡方，方差分析和t统计。 他们 研究将（1）描述PI儿童和环境的特征， 发生了哪些伤害，（2）识别PI的风险因素，（3） 为未来的研究开发概念模型和方向。

Pedestrian fatalities outnumber passenger fatalities in U.S. school-aged children. The problem is particularly severe in cities. As yet, there are no known effective prevention approaches to complement variably effective education efforts. The proposed study will (1) analyze the interactions of biology, development/behavior and the traffic environment leading to pedestrian injury (PI), and (2) seek to identify developmental, behavioral, and family characteristics that place children at risk for PI. The study expands on work done in a pilot study. 200-250 PI victims 6-11 years old (cases) will be identified among inpatients at one Chicago pediatric hospital trauma center, or in the offices of practicing pediatricians affiliated with the hospital. With physician and family consent, date will be collected from medical records concerning injury severity and preexisting medical problems. Families will be interviewed concerning family constellation and details of the injury event, and will complete standardized surveys of development, temperament (Alpern-Boll, Thurstone), behavior (Achenbach), and family environment (Moos, Coddington). Teacher assessments of behavior and development will also be obtained correlation analysis will be used to identify types of children (in terms of demography, development, behavior and family) and sties (in terms of traffic/environment), and to link types of sites and children. Logit analysis will be used to compare mild and severe cases. Cases will be qualitatively analyzed at monthly staffings by a multidisciplinary term (pediatrics, social work, psychology, traffic engineering) to clarify the dynamic interaction of medical, developmental/behavioral, and traffic factors and to suggest potential mechanisms, conceptual frameworks and countermeasures. Uninjured children will be recruited to provide controls equal in number to cases and matched to cases on age, sex, social status and geographic origin. Controls will be recruited from the hospital and from pediatric practices. Control families will fill out the same surveys as cases. Cases and controls will be compared using discrete choice models, chisquare, ANOVA and t statistics. They study will (1) characterize children with PI and environments in which injuries occurred, (2) identify risk factors for PI, and (3) develop conceptual models and directions for future research.