EVALUATING ASSESSMENTS OF SUBJECTIVE PHENOMENA

在过去的十年里，人口统计学的收集有了很大的增长。 家庭或住户中两个或两个以上成员被询问的数据 关于主观性质的问题-从态度和期望 公平性的评估。我们将研究各种家庭内部 通过测量模型的响应模式， 分析现象的根源在于社会过程。模型我们 建议允许我们测试不同的评价和看法， 这些主观现象植根于不同的经验。虽然 结构性差异的概念是社会学研究的核心， 在分析调查数据时，家庭往往被忽视。的 测量仪器表面上的固定性导致两种选择 对响应中不一致的解释：l）测量误差，以及2） 真正的二元不一致，特别是二元。迷失在中间的是我们的 社会学理解的看法和评价标准的作用- 特定.将研究这些基本的衡量/概念问题 在四个不同的实质性领域。首先使用国家数据 家庭和住户调查，丈夫和妻子的 婚姻的幸福和家庭劳动分工的公平将是 比较了第二，我们将对比母亲和孩子的报告， 使用全国调查的数据， 儿童（国家儿童委员会）。第三，我们将评估 丈夫和妻子的生育意愿使用的数据从国家家庭健康基金会和 数据来自一组对比鲜明的发展中国家背景。最后我们 应审查各小组对生育率态度的变化， 1972年全国高中班级纵向调查（NLS-72）和 NSFH。

The last decade has seen great growth in the collection of demographic data in which two or more members of a family or household are queried regarding matters of a subjective nature - from attitudes and expectations to evaluations of equity. We shall examine a variety of intra-household response patterns via a measurement model that does not detach the analytic phenomenon from its roots in the social process. The model we propose allows us to test for different evaluations and perceptions of subjective phenomena which are rooted in differential experience. Although the concept of structured differences is central to sociological work on the family, it is often ignored in the analysis of survey data. The ostensible fixity of the survey instrument leads to two alternative interpretations of disagreement in response: l) measurement error, and 2) true dyadic disagreement, particular to the dyad. Lost in between is our sociological understanding of perceptions and valuative standards as role- specific. These fundamental measurement/conceptual issues will be studied in four distinct substantive domains. First using data from the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), husbands' and wives' reports of marital happiness and fairness in the division of family labor will be compared. Second, we shall contrast mothers' and children's reports of a child's closeness to fathers using data from the National Survey of Children (NSC). Third, we shall assess the degree of agreement between husbands' and wives' fertility intentions using data from the NSFH and data from' a set of contrasting, developing country contexts. Finally, we shall examine change in fertility related attitudes across panels of the National Longitudinal Survey of the High School Class of 1972 (NLS-72) and the NSFH.