Degradable materials for 3D tissue engineering scaffolds

生物工程植入物的发展，即植入物来源于患者自身的组织，并根据患者的需要进行定制，代表了再生医学的一个令人兴奋的方向。为了实现这一目标，至关重要的一步是开发用于组织工程的聚合物3D支架，这种支架最终可以降解，只留下生物工程植入物。微系统技术，特别是微立体光刻技术（MSL），已经发展到可以对3D对象的构建进行非常高水平的控制。目前可用于MSL技术的许多有限范围的单体树脂都是围绕丙烯酸酯基技术建立的，因此导致高度交联的丙烯酸酯基材料在生理条件下无法降解。完全生物可吸收材料的实现将消除植入物中可能导致身体排斥或增加患者疼痛/刺激的非天然元素的保留。微立体光刻技术与合适的单体树脂的应用将实现生物相容性，可生物降解，患者定制的组织工程支架，可以作为生物工程活植入物，从患者自己的细胞中提取，设计完美适合所需的区域，能够自我维护，因此与自然部分非常相似。这种方法可能潜在地改变许多组织替代疗法的治疗方法，特别是与衰老相关的退行性疾病，如腰椎间盘或骨变性。本文主要研究了烯酮缩醛基单体树脂的合成，该树脂可用于光固化微立体光刻树脂，以接触在组织工程和再生医学中具有巨大应用潜力的聚酯和聚（邻苯二甲酸酯）材料。

The development of bioengineered implants in which the implant is derived from the patient's own tissues and is tailored to the patients needs, represents an exciting direction for regenerative medicine. To achieve this, a vital step is the development of polymeric 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering that can ultimately degrade to leave only the bioengineered implant. Microsystems technology, specifically microstereolithography (MSL), has advanced to enable a very high level of control over the building of 3D objects. Many of the limited range of monomer resins currently available for application with MSL technologies are founded around acrylate-based technologies thus resulting in highly crosslinked acrylate-based materials that result cannot be degraded under physiological conditions. The realisation of a fully bioresorbable material would eliminate the retention of a non-natural element to the implant that can lead to rejection from the body or increased pain/irritation for the patient. The application of microstereolithography techniques with suitable monomer resins would enable the realisation of biocompatible, biodegradable, patient-tailored tissue engineering scaffolds that can act as a bioengineered living implant derived from the patient's own cells, designed to perfectly fit the area required, capable of self-maintenance thus closely resembling the natural part. This approach could potentially transform the treatment of many tissue replacement therapies, especially with respect to degenerative disorders such as back disc or bone degeneration associated with ageing. This proposal is focused on examining the synthesis of ketene acetal-based monomer resins that can be applied in photo-cured microstereolithographic resins to access polyester and poly(ortho ester) materials with huge potential application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.