COMMUNICATION OF AFFECT WITH "ABUSE-ELICITING" CHILDREN

本研究扩展了家庭的交易模型。 互动包括对调解的综合分析 流程。我们正在进行的研究集中在儿童诱导者身上 照顾者情绪和行为的归因调节因子 身体虐待的照看系统。在对 被虐待儿童的特征被概念化为 潜在的压力源。控制感较低的成年人 照看结果预计会表现为情绪应对。 应对受虐待儿童的风格和提高的唤醒能力(和 对他们来说比未受虐待的儿童更常见的行为)； 成人的反应模式反过来预计会导致负面反应 情绪，表现恶化，和提高的唤醒 孩子。相反，有很高控制力的成年人 护理结果预计将显示出以问题为中心， 认知导向的应对(和低唤醒) 受虐待的儿童；这种成年人的反应模式预计会反过来 激发更多的积极情绪、更高的绩效水平和更低的 孩子的性欲水平。数据库将从这两个数据库中提取 (A)引入变量模拟的实验室模拟研究 虐待家庭系统的特点，以及(B)相互作用 在实际的虐待家庭中。 在研究1中，120名母亲将被播放被虐待的录像带 儿童或他们未受虐待的兄弟姐妹，然后会参与 模拟与他们的互动(教孩子一段视频 游戏)。将连续记录他们的影响(面部 动作和声音韵律)、自发认知、教学 策略和生理反应(心率、脉搏传递 时间、血压和皮肤电导率)。在研究2中，120人 孩子们会尝试学习一款电子游戏，以回应 成人录像带和成人使用的教学策略 研究1.将持续记录他们的情感、性唤醒、 和表现水平，以回应“老师”中的变化 投入。在研究3中，父母在虐待中的声音特征 家庭(在持续的研究中获得)以及相关的成年人 与受虐待儿童的实际或模拟互动将是 经过声学分析。这一分析将使我们能够 确定声学特征与测量之间的关系 情感和唤醒。

The proposed research extends a transactional model of family interaction to include an integrative analysis of mediating processes. Our ongoing research has focused upon child elicitors and attributional moderators of caregiver affect and behavior in physically abusive caregiving systems. In a refinement of the model, characteristics of abused children are conceptualized as potential stressors. Adults with low perceived control over caregiving outcomes are predicted to show an emotional coping style and elevated arousal in response to abused children (and behaviors more common for them than non-abused children); this adult response pattern is in turn expected to lead to negative affect, performance deterioration, and elevated arousal in the child. Conversely, adults with high perceived control over caregiving outcomes are predicted to show problem-focused, cognitively-oriented coping (and low arousal) in response to abused children; this adult response pattern is in turn expected to elicit more positive affect, higher performance levels, and lower arousal levels in the child. The data base will be drawn from both (a) laboratory analog studies which introduce variables simulating the characteristics of abusive family systems, and (b) interactions within actual abusive families. In Study 1, 120 mothers will be shown videotapes of abused children or their non-abused siblings, and will then engage in simulated interaction with them (teaching the child a video game). Continuous records will be made of their affect (facial actions and voice prosodics), spontaneous cognitions, teaching strategies, and physiological responses (heart rate, pulse transit time, blood pressure, and skin conductance). In Study 2, 120 children will attempt to learn a video game in response to videotapes of adults and teaching strategies used by adults in Study 1. Continuous records will be made of their affect, arousal, and performance levels in response to variations in "teacher" inputs. In Study 3, the voice characteristics of parents in abusive families (obtained in ongoing research) as well as related adults in actual or simulated interaction with abused children will be subjected to acoustical analysis. This analysis will allow us to determine the relation between acoustical features and measures of affect and arousal.