BIOANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL LENS SPECTROMETRY

这项拟议的研究的主要目标是开发新的 用于对以下数据进行独特测量的仪器和方法 目前使用现有技术是无法获得的。事态的发展是 从战略上讲，是基于对 热透镜效应。具体地说，第一个，超敏感，高度 选择性快速扫描多波长热透镜分光光度计 (MWTL)和MWTL-圆二色光谱偏振仪(MWTL-CD)将是 建造的。这些工具能够直接执行(即； 无需前处理)和同时测定(化学和 立体化学)多组分、小体积(MUL)生物样品 浓度非常低。在一个应用中，开发的MWTL-CD 光谱旋光仪用于第一次手性分离和 反式-7，8-二羟基-9，10-环氧基-7，8.9，10- 四羟基苯并(A)吡喃(BPDE)--调查类型为 目前不可行，但对理解 苯并(A)芘与DNA之间的致癌和致突变反应。基座 关于使用这些MWTL和MWTL-CD工具，还将采用新的方法 它将第一次提供：(1)超灵敏和 准确的动力学方法，其中的浓度变化 同时监测反应物和产物，以及(2) 界面水(即邻域)的系统结构研究 水，膜表面吸附的水的模型)。反转 胶束也将被利用来溶解生物样品(即， 蛋白质、核酸)到非极性溶剂中，这些溶剂具有相对 比水具有更好的热光性能。这个增溶过程 提供两个主要优点：(1)增强热透镜 化合物的信号和(2)执行测量的能力 在以下温度下液态水(即水池)中的这些化合物 低至零下40摄氏度。 然后将协同使用所开发的设备和方法 用于水中酶反应的动力学测定 室温和低温下的反胶束池。相同 动力学测量也将在酶和底物 都在一层非常薄的水中(即附近的水)。 从拟议研究中获得的总体结果将提供 科学家可以轻松使用的必要仪器和方法 最后也是对结构的灵敏和选择性测定， 与健康有关的化合物的浓度、功能和过程。这个 从BPDE的结构研究中获得的知识，动力学 在受限体积水中的酶反应的测量将 毫无疑问，提供从根本上重要(但目前不可用) 生物化学、生物、化学、 医学和药学。

The main objective of this proposed research is to develop novel instruments and methods for the unique measurements of data which are currently unobtainable using existing techniques. The development is strategically based on the exploitation of the unique properties of the thermal lens effect. Specifically, the first, ultrasensitive, highly selective and rapid scanning multiwavelength thermal lens spectrophotometer (MWTL) and MWTL-circular dichroism spectropolarimeter (MWTL-CD) will be constructed. These instruments are capable of performing direct (i.e.; without pretreatment) and simultaneous determination (chemical and stereochemical) of multicomponent, small volume (mul) biological samples at very low concentrations. In one application, the developed MWTL-CD spectropolarimeter is used for the first chiral separation and determination of trans-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8.9,10- tetrahydroxybenzo(a)pyrenes (BPDEs) -the type of investigation which is currently not feasible but is essential for the understanding of carcinogenic and mutagenic reactions between benzo(a)pyrene and DNA. Based on the use of these MWTL and MWTL-CD instruments, new methods will also be developed which will provide, for the first time: (1) an ultrasensitive and accurate kinetic method in which changes in the concentrations of the reactants and the products are simultaneously monitored and (2) the systematic structural investigation of interfacial water (i.e., vicinal water, a model for water adsorbed on surfaces of membranes). Reversed micelles will also be exploited to solubilize biological samples (i.e., proteins, nucleic acids) into nonpolar solvents which have relatively better thermo-optical properties than water. This solubilization process provides two main advantages: (1) the enhancement of the thermal lens signals of the compounds and (2) the capability to perform the measurements of these compounds in liquid water (i.e., water pools) at temperatures as low as -40 degrees C. Synergistic use of the developed apparatus and methods will then be performed for the kinetic determinations of enzymatic reactions in water pools of reversed micelles at room and cryogenic temperatures. The same kinetic measurements will also be performed when the enzymes and substrates are in a very thin film of water (i.e., vicinal water). Collectively results obtained from the proposed research will provide the necessary instruments and methods which scientists can easily use for the last but sensitive and selective determination of structures, concentrations, functions and processes of health related compounds. The knowledge obtained from the structural studies of BPDEs, the kinetic measurements of enzymatic reactions in a confined volume water will undoubtedly provide fundamentally important (but currently unavailable) information for such diverged fields as biochemistry, biology, chemistry, medicine and pharmaceutical sciences.