ORAL TRANSPORT AND SWALLOWING

本研究的目的是描述咀嚼的协调性， 正常人进食固体食物时的食物转运和吞咽 人类实验对象 虽然吞咽包括预备性、口服和 咽部阶段，大多数先前的人类研究都集中在 咽部阶段为孤立事件。 该项目的重点是 吞咽的准备阶段和口腔阶段以及它们在吞咽过程中的关系 喂养的过程。 具体目标包括确定 舌骨和舌头与下颌运动周期（张口周期）相协调 在食物摄入过程中，并描述如何改变身体特征， 影响口腔运输和吞咽。 其他具体目标是 以确定如何指导受试者吞咽命令改变 准备、口腔和咽部阶段的协调;以及 辨别口腔运输机制是否依赖于重力。 同时进行视频荧光造影和肌电图检查， 受试者食用各种不透射线的食物。 每个受试者将开始， 坐直，吃在一个自发的方式，而图像 记录在侧位投影中。 一个亚组将重复方案 在后前位成像中。 另一个小组将吃每种食物， 第二次，说明咀嚼食物，把它放在嘴里， 按命令吞下去 第三个小组将重复该方案， 俯卧，研究重力的影响。 视频透视和 肌电图数据将被数字化并由计算机获取。 的 食团通过食物通道的进展和整体运动 颌骨、舌骨和舌头的模式将通过回顾 录像带的慢动作一帧一帧 图表将是 用来显示下颌和舌骨的肌电活动和运动 随着时间的推移。 下颌运动，下颌运动， 舌头形状和肌肉活动将使用各种 统计技术。 该项目将提供重要的新 理解咀嚼的基本运动控制机制 吞咽

The purpose of this study is to describe the coordination of mastication, oral food transport and swallowing during intake of solid food in normal human subjects. Although swallowing includes preparatory, oral, and pharyngeal stages, most prior research in humans has focused on the pharyngeal stage as an isolated event. This project focuses on the preparatory and oral stages of swallowing and their relationship during the process of feeding. Specific aims include determining how motions of the hyoid bone and tongue are coordinated with jaw motion cycles (gape cycles) during food intake, and describing how varying the physical characteristics of the food affects oral transport and swallowing. Other specific aims are to determine how instructing subjects to swallow on command alters the coordination of the preparatory, oral, and pharyngeal stages; and discerning whether the oral transport mechanism is dependent on gravity. Simultaneous videofluorography and electromyography will be performed on subjects eating a variety of radiopaque foods. Each subject will begin by sitting upright and eating in a spontaneous manner, while images are recorded in the lateral projection. A subgroup will repeat the protocol during postero-anterior imaging. Another sub-group will eat each food a second time with instructions to chew the food, hold it in the mouth, and swallow on command. A third sub-group will repeat the protocol lying prone, to study the effect of gravity. Videofluorographic and electromyographic data will be digitized and acquired by a computer. The progression of the bolus through the foodway and the overall movement patterns of the jaw, hyoid bone, and tongue will be evaluated by reviewing the videotapes in slow motion, one frame at a time. Graphs will be constructed to show myoelectric activity and motion of the jaw and hyoid bone over time. Temporal relationships among jaw motion, byoid motion, tongue shape, and muscle activity will be quantified using a variety of statistical techniques. This project will provide important new understanding of the basic motor control mechanisms underlying mastication and swallowing.