Mixed Criticality Cyber Physical Systems

网络物理系统（CPS）的概念出现在十多年前，是对构建嵌入式控制系统中发现的问题的概括。CPS由一组计算设备组成，这些计算设备相互通信（可能使用无线介质），并通过传感器和执行器与物理世界进行交互。这样的系统无处不在，从智能建筑到医疗设备，再到航空航天和各种汽车。它们越来越多地控制着我们生活的重要方面。CPS的研究，以及系统的系统（SoS）和物联网（IoT）的相关主题，涉及系统的复杂性，通信，环境的不确定性，以及相关软件的要求，以及时的方式运行，并满足分布式硬件平台内的故障和失败。许多，事实上大多数，CPS也可以被描述为混合关键系统（MCS）。关键性是系统组件所需的故障保证级别的指定。MCS是将具有不同关键性级别的应用程序和/或组件/系统集成到同一硬件平台上的MCS。这个平台在未来将包括众核处理单元和各种通信介质，包括无线。它还将包括智能传感器和执行器。混合关键性网络物理系统（MCCPs）项目将考虑如何有效利用资源，从而在商业上取得成功，CPS可以指定，设计和分析。需要考虑的问题包括，不能完全确定的环境假设，需要重新配置的故障（以临界感知的方式），需要过度指定资源使用的安全协议（以隐藏实际行为），以及将软件分配给处理平台，以平衡安全/安全分离和效率集成的需求。约克以前的工作，包括EPSRC支持的工作，已经探索了单处理器和众核系统的分离和集成之间的权衡。在这个项目中，我们将这一重点扩展到包括完整的CPS平台，其中弹性（例如容错和自适应控制），时间关键型通信（包括无线），认证，规范错误的容忍度（即关于环境将如何表现和人类用户交互的错误假设）和功耗都至关重要。该研究将提供模型，分析形式，协议，验证技术，包括模型检查和周期准确，协议准确和基于以太坊的模拟器，以及工业案例研究。

The concept of Cyber-Physical Systems, CPS, arose just over ten years ago and is a generalisation of the issues found in building embedded control systems. A CPS consists of a collection of computing devices communicating with one another (perhaps using wireless media) and interacting with the physical world via sensors and actuators. Such systems are everywhere, from smart buildings to medical devices to aerospace and to all kinds of automobiles. They increasing control crucial aspects of our lives. Research in CPS, and the related topics of System-of-Systems (SoS) and the Internet of Things (IoT), involves an understanding of system complexity, communication, environmental uncertainty, and the requirements of the associated software to behave in a timely fashion and to cater for faults and failures within the distributed hardware platform.Many, indeed most, CPS can also be characterised as being Mixed-Criticalty Systems (MCS). Criticality is a designation of the level of assurance against failure needed for a system component. A MCS is one that integrates applications and/or components/systems with different levels of criticality onto the same hardware platform. This platform will, in the future, include many-core processing units, and communication media of various kinds, including wireless. It will also include smart sensors and actuators.The Mixed Criticality Cyber Physical Systems (MCCps) project will consider how resource efficient, and hence potentially commercially successful, CPS can be specified, designed and analysed. Issues to be considered include, assumptions about the environment that cannot be held with complete certainty, failures that require reconfiguration (in a criticality-aware way), security protocols that require over-specified resource usage (to hide actual behaviour), and the allocation of software to the processing platform that balances the need for separation for safety/security and integration for efficiency. Such efficiency will lead to reduced size, weight and power consumption.Previous work at York, including that supported by EPSRC, has explored the trade-off between separation and integration for single processor and many-core systems. In this project we expand this focus to include complete CPS platforms where resilience (e.g. fault tolerance and adaptive control), time-critical communications (including wireless), certification, tolerance of specification error (i.e. false assumptions about how the environment will behave and human users interact) and power consumption are all crucially important. The research will deliver models, forms of analysis, protocols, verification techniques including model-checking and cycle-accurate, protocol-accurate and scenario-based simulators, and industrial case-studies.