PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ALCOHOL TOLERANT DRIVERS

该研究计划是一项多学科、多地点的高度 相互关联的研究组成部分，以研究公差的特点 从心理生物学的角度来看，酒精对人类受试者的影响。 目标：(1)确定哪些心理生物学变量区分 酒精耐受性高的司机，以及(2)寻找可能的 耐受性的多变量指标。即使在血液酒精浓度下 (BAC)远高于法定限制(0.10%)，此类司机可能不会出现 这是典型的醉酒迹象，因此很少因酒后驾车或酒后驾车被捕。 可通过以下途径获得检查高容忍度驱动程序的独特机会 NIAAA授予联合首席调查员的新拨款。在路边勘测时， 42,000名司机将使用新的“被动传感器”进行BAC筛查。一个 将邀请酒后驾车者光谱中的亚样本(n=320) 作为受试者。核心组件(组件I)将研究 在三个实验中有不同程度的酒精耐受性 他们在通常的社会剂量下，在预定的时间接受测试 实验剂量，并在不同条件下的酒精预期。 5个组成部分中的每一个都将在不同的领域收集数据：组成部分二 -行为/心理；构成部分三--现象学；构成部分四 -代谢的药代动力学和遗传学。 主体间特定目标：确定高与低的程度 容忍饮酒者：(1)在测量的心理生物学变量上存在差异 四个BAC(0.00、0.05、0.10和0.15%)中的每一个，(2)在 给定BAC，(3)需要更大的剂量才能产生相同的效果，(4)不同 关于酒精的量和由此产生的BAC需要达到他们通常的水平 醉酒程度“(5)高估而不是低估他们 实际的BAC，以及(6)表现出酒精预期效应。主体内 具体目标：确定(7)自定进度的基线，“通常高”；(8) 酒精敏感性、急性耐受性和慢性耐受性程度；以及 (9)中毒临床体征评分和现场评分的效度 在路边的真实条件下进行的清醒测试。 长期目标：数据将从同一 驾驶者/受试者，从路边的BAC，对临床症状的评级 醉酒和现场清醒测试；到其他心理上， 生理和生化措施，包括酒精代谢和 遗传因素；加上关于个性、态度、药物使用和 实验室实验为我们的强大潜力提供了基础 对慢性酒精耐受性的理解。积极的直接干预是 为高容忍度的受试者计划的。结果为以下方面提供了依据 为高耐量饮酒者制定未来的预防策略 普通人口。

The research plan is a multidisciplinary multisite set of highly interrelated research components to study the characteristics of tolerance to alcohol in human subjects from a psychobiological perspective. Goals: (1) to determine those psychobiological variables that distinguish drivers high in alcohol tolerance, and (2) to search for possible multivariate indicators of tolerance. Even at blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) well above the legal limit (0.10%), such drivers may not manifest typical signs of intoxication and thus are rarely arrested for DUI/DWI. A unique opportunity to examine high tolerant drivers is available through a new NIAAA grant to the Co-principal investigators. At roadside surveys, 42,000 drivers will be screened for BAC using the new "passive sensor." A subsample (n=320) from the spectrum of drinking drivers will be invited to serve as subjects. The core component (Component I) will study the subjects with varying degrees of alcohol tolerance in 3 experiments in which they are tested at their usual social dose, at predetermined experimental doses, and under differing conditions of alcohol expectancy. Each of the 5 components will collect data in distinct areas: Component II - Behavioral/psychological; Component III - Phenomenological; Component IV - Pharmacokinetics and genetics of metabolism. Between-subject specific aims: determine extent to which high vs. low tolerant drinkers: (1) differ on psychobiological variables measured at each of four BACs (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, & 0.15%), (2) show impairment at a given BAC, (3) need a larger dose to produce the same effect, (4) differ regarding amount of alcohol and resulting BAC needed to reach their "usual level of intoxication," (5) overestimate rather than underestimate their actual BACs, and (6) show alcohol expectancy effect. Within-subject specific aims: determine (7) a self-paced, baseline, "usual high;" (8) alcohol sensitivity, acute tolerance, and degree of chronic tolerance; and (9) validity of ratings on clinical signs of intoxication and field sobriety tests obtained under real-world conditions at roadside. Long-term objectives: Data will be obtained from the same motorist/subjects, ranging from roadside BAC, ratings on clinical signs of intoxication, and field sobriety tests; to other psychological, physiological, and biochemical measures including alcohol metabolism and genetic factors; plus data concerning personality, attitudes, drug use, and lab experiments provide the basis for strong potential advance in our understanding of chronic alcohol tolerance. Active direct intervention is planned for the high tolerant subjects. Results provide basis for developing future prevention strategies for high tolerant drinkers in general population.