Secret Power: Investigating the Legitimization of Criminal Governance: Group Comparisons and Within-Individual Dynamics

犯罪集团是一个巨大的经济威胁。他们还在他们活动的领土上行使权力和治理，将自己嵌入社区的社会结构中。尽管困难重重，但社区很少反对犯罪集团，也很少与法律当局合作打击犯罪集团。流行的解释将社区的被动归因于制度薄弱、恐惧或社会信任度低。然而，心理学证据表明，权威不能仅仅植根于交易性或强制性的关系。尽管制度缺陷可能为犯罪集团提供了崛起的空间，但它无法解释它们如何维持权威。CrimGov开创了一种新的多方法方法，解决了意识形态、价值观和身份及其与宏观因素的相互作用如何促进刑事治理合法化的问题。在创建了一种收集个人对刑事治理的评估的指标后，该项目将在三个国家收集量化证据，这些国家拥有坚实的国家存在和已知的刑事治理实例：意大利、英国和日本。该项目将使用概率调查，对各国的地理子单位进行横截面调查。多层次模型将检验个人因素(如意识形态)、地区因素(如平均信任度)和结构因素(如GDP)之间的相互作用。实验研究将考察有助于维持各国刑事治理合法性的因素。最后，纵向研究将集中在青春期，这是对当局态度形成的关键时期。纵向研究将在刑事治理活动较多的社区进行，并将调查预测法律和刑事治理合法化的个人内部动态。CrimGov将改变对刑事治理的科学理解，并为充实政策建议和教育干预措施提供证据。

Criminal groups are a vast economic threat. They also exert authority and governance in the territories where they operate, embedding themselves in the community's social fabric. Despite substantial hardships, communities rarely oppose criminal groups or cooperate with legal authorities against them. Prevalent explanations attribute communities' passivity to institutional weakness, fear or low social trust. However, psychological evidence indicates that authority cannot be grounded only in transactional or coercive relationships. Whereas institutional weakness may provide a space for criminal groups to arise, it cannot explain how they sustain authority. CrimGov pioneers a new multimethod approach addressing how the legitimization of criminal governance is fostered by ideologies, values and identities, and their interplay with macro-level factors. After creating a measure to capture individuals' appraisal of criminal governance, the project will gather quantitative evidence in three countries with a solid presence of the state and known instances of criminal governance: Italy, the UK and Japan. The project will use probability surveys with a cross-section of geographical subunits across countries. Multilevel models will test the interplay between individual- (e.g., ideologies), area- (e.g., average trust) and structural-level (e.g., GDP) factors. Experimental studies will examine the factors that help sustain the legitimacy of criminal governance across countries. Finally, longitudinal studies will focus on adolescence, a crucial period for the formation of attitudes toward authorities. The longitudinal studies will be conducted in communities with high criminal governance activity and will investigate the within-individual dynamics predicting the legitimization of both legal and criminal governance. CrimGov will transform the scientific understanding of criminal governance and provide evidence for substantiating policy recommendations and educational interventions.