WORKPLACE RISK FACTORS FOR ALCOHOL ABUSE

这项研究考察了人们从事的工作种类之间的关系 在工业中，他们在允许以下情况下工作的程度 参与决策，以及他们的酒精使用问题。它 测试了一个模型，该模型提出低作业控制率和低作业控制率的影响 决策参与通过以下方式与问题酒精行为联系在一起 无能为力，并受到工作环境中的酒精文化的影响 以及是否有有效的计划(EAP)试图 修改饮酒行为。它还提出了问题饮酒行为 与工作绩效下降有关。以下假设 测试结果表明：(1)个体对特定事件的控制力越小 他们工作生活中的日常事务，他们滥用职权的倾向越大 酒精；(2)工作环境越不允许参与 决策时，酗酒倾向越大；(3) 低工作控制力和低决策参与度对问题的影响 饮酒行为是累加性的。在其他条件相同的情况下，个人 对他们的工作进行最小程度的控制，以最低的概率 参与企业决策的程度将是最高的 酗酒发生率；(4)缺乏工作控制和决策 参与与发展无能为力的感觉有关 在个人之间；(5)无力与饮酒问题有关 行为；(6)工作控制、决策参与和 工作场所对问题饮酒行为无能为力 酒精文化与组织努力改变的有效性 饮酒行为；(7)问题酒精行为与 降低了工作绩效。除了多变量测试和 在阐述这些假设的同时，研究也将尝试考虑所有 在一个单一的模型中把变量放在一起。因为它们是多个 对于大多数关键变量的指标，模型将使用以下方法进行评估 结构方程方法。研究将在太平洋地区进行- 西北木制品植物以其决策形式区分开来 工厂内的组织，受访者将通过工作控制进行抽样 类别。因此，调查问卷阶段的答复者将 由装配、连续工艺和熟练工人组成 常规-非工会、常规-工会和生产者合作社。一个 样本量要求为1260份。与工厂主管的深度访谈， 人事主管和EAP管理员以及随机抽样的 工作人员将先于并影响最终问卷的内容。

This research examines the relationship between the kinds of work people do in industry, the degree to which they work in settings that allow for participation in decision making, and their problem use of alcohol. It tests a model that proposes that the effects of low job control and low decisional participation are linked to problem alcohol behavior by way of powerlessness, and are moderated by the alcohol culture of the work setting and the existence or absence of effective programs (EAPs) that try to modify drinking behavior. It also proposes that problem drinking behavior is associated with diminished work performance. The following hypotheses are tested: (1) the less control individuals exercise over the particular routines of their work lives, the greater will be their propensity to abuse alcohol; (2) the less the work environment allows for participation in decision making, the greater will be the propensity to abuse alcohol; (3) the effects of low job control and low decisional participation on problem drinking behavior are additive. All other things being equal, individuals with the least amount of control over their work and the lowest probability of being involved in enterprise decision making will show the highest incidence of alcohol abuse; (4) lack of job control and decisional participation are related to the development of a sense of powerlessness among individuals; (5) powerlessness is associated with problem drinking behavior; (6) the effects of job control, decisional participation, and powerlessness on problem drinking behavior is modified by the workplace alcohol culture and the effectiveness of organizational efforts to modify drinking behavior; (7) problem alcohol behavior is associated with diminished work performance. In addition to the multivariate testing and elaboration of these hypotheses, the research will also try to consider all of the variables together in a single model. Because these are multiple indicators for most of the key variables, the model will be assessed using structural equation methods. The research will be conducted in Pacific- Northwest wood products plants differentiated by their form of decisional organization within plants, respondents will be sampled by job control category. Thus, respondents to the questionnaire phase of the study will be comprised of assembly, continuous process, and skilled workers from conventional-non-union, conventional-union, and producer cooperatives. A sample size of 1260 is required. Depth interviews with plant supervisors, personnel directors, and EAP administrators as well as a random sample of workers will precede and affect the content of the final questionnaire.