FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF PERCEPTUAL AND MEMORY SYSTEMS IN THE PRIMATE BRAIN

为了更好地了解视觉联想皮质在脑内的作用 知觉和记忆，我们已经研究了 组成猕猴的大脑皮层，并探索它们的 通过使用神经解剖示踪技术实现的互联 结合神经活动的生理记录。我们的 结果表明，大脑中存在多个独立的视觉区域 在信息流中超出纹状皮质(V1) 正在处理。这些区域被组织成两个不同的皮质 路径，每个路径都有V1作为其初始输入源。一、一、 枕颞通路，使物体能够识别，而 另一种是枕顶叶通路，它介导了对 物体之间的空间关系以及物体的视觉引导 有动静。而进入颞叶的通路沿途的区域 似乎被组织成一个层次结构，其中每个区域都在处理 颜色和形状，沿着进入顶叶的通路的区域 叶处理刺激运动的方向。视觉信息 关于对象标识和空间位置，最初在 分离的皮质通路，似乎整合在位于皮质中 在上颞沟内。来自脑血流的数据 研究表明，在人类身上，就像猴子一样，存在着两种 不同的视觉处理路径。在人类中，物体的处理 身份和空间位置主要取决于功能 右脑皮质后部区域之间的相互作用。 与年轻受试者相比，老年受试者表现出减少的功能分离 这两个通路，表明招募属于视觉区域 “其他”途径，以补偿每一条途径的减少 PATH的处理效率。

To better understand the role of visual association cortex in perception and memory, we have examined the functional areas that comprise this cortex in the macaque and explored their interconnections by the use of neuroanatomical tracing techniques in combination with physiological recording of neural activity. Our results indicate that a multiplicity of separate visual areas lie beyond the striate cortex (V1) in the stream of information processing. These areas are organized into two divergent cortical pathways, each having V1 as the source of its initial input. One, an ocipitotemporal pathway, enables the recognition of objects, while the other, an occipitoparietal pathway, mediates the appreciation of spatial relationships among objects as well as the visual guidance of movement. Whereas the areas along the pathway into the temporal lobe appear to be organized as a hierarchy, in which each area processes both color and form, the areas along the pathway into the parietal lobe process the direction of stimulus motion. Visual information about object identity and spatial location, initially processed in separate cortical pathways, appears to be integrated in cortex located within the superior temporal sulcus. Data from cerebral blood flow studies indicate the existence in humans, as in monkeys, of two distinct visual processing pathways. In humans, processing of object identity and spatial location depends primarily on functional interactions between posterior cortical areas in the right hemisphere. Old subjects, compared to young, show reduced functional separation of the two pathways, suggesting recruitment of visual areas belonging to the "other" pathway in order to compensate for reductions in each pathway's processing efficiency.