Fairer, caring nations? The governance of care policy, constitutional change and addressing inequalities - lessons for Scotland - INVITED RESUBMISSION

尽管权力下放后，苏格兰在解决妇女贫穷和不平等问题方面的权力有所增加，但深刻的社会和结构性分歧依然存在，妇女面临贫穷和不平等的高风险。在许多发达的福利国家，托儿和长期护理政策被证明是解决妇女不平等的结构性原因的一种有效方法。然而，苏格兰面临着“护理危机”：对残疾人和老年人护理和支持的需求不断增加，加上社会、经济和人口结构的变化，给苏格兰的资源带来了巨大压力。这是所有发达福利国家面临的挑战。苏格兰并不是唯一一个试图解决结构性不平等问题的国家（特别是沿着性别、残疾和年龄这条线），这些问题影响了苏格兰实现“更富裕、更公平社会”的能力。苏格兰也不是唯一一个试图通过让女性更多地参与公共生活来促进经济增长的国家。在苏格兰修宪公投即将举行之际，几乎没有现成的证据告诉我们，如果我们想要更公平的护理政策，应该选择哪种方案，以及如何将这些护理政策与解决苏格兰性别不平等问题的有效方法联系起来。我们应该如何组织苏格兰护理的“治理”以实现性别平等？如果苏格兰仍然是英国的一部分，它能通过其护理政策解决性别不平等问题吗？如果它选择独立，它应该如何组织其护理政策来解决性别不平等问题？在护理政策方面有哪些治理选择？本研究将收集证据来回答以下问题：1。关于医疗政策解决或加剧不平等的潜力，国际证据告诉我们什么？2.在通过护理政策解决不平等问题方面，哪些治理方案能带来最佳成果？3.国家、区域和地方护理政策在实现护理政策的公平、公正结果方面发挥什么作用？4.苏格兰应该在护理政策中选择哪些治理方案，以实现护理政策的公平、公正结果？5.宪法改革（例如独立）将如何影响这些选择？该项目将通过以下方式做到这一点：1。从发达的福利国家那里收集现有的证据，这些国家已经成功地实现了良好的平等主义政策成果，特别是（但不限于）在性别方面。确定“良好”的福利制度的例子，并详细审查他们的护理政策3。在苏格兰和威尔士的一系列关注性别平等和护理政策的人身上测试证据4。与一系列的人和组织合作，看看政策的哪些特点可以转化为苏格兰的政策背景5。为个人和组织提供证据，为苏格兰的宪法选择竞选，这将是实现“公平”护理政策和更性别平等社会的最大机会。在开发这个项目时，申请人利用了现有的福利制度，护理政策和性别不平等的学术知识。然而，她也借鉴了苏格兰性别不平等和护理政策的非学术专家提出的问题。在这个项目中，她将继续与国际专家和苏格兰的主要利益攸关方合作，以接触广泛的受众，并对有关苏格兰宪法未来的辩论产生重大影响。

Despite increasing powers following devolution to address women's poverty and inequality in Scotland, deep social and structural divisions remain and women experience high risks of poverty and inequality. Childcare and long-term care policies have been shown in many developed welfare states as being one effective way of tackling the structural causes of women's inequality. However, Scotland faces a 'care crisis': rising demand for care and support for disabled and older people coupled with social, economic and demographic changes which place great pressure on its resources. This is a challenge facing all developed welfare states. Scotland is not alone in attempting to tackle structural inequalities (particularly along the lines of gender, disability and age) which affect its ability to achieve a 'wealthier, fairer society'. Scotland is also not alone in attempting in particular to foster economic growth through women's greater participation in public life.In the run-up to a referendum on constitutional change in Scotland, there is little easily-accessible evidence that tells us which option to choose if we want fairer care polices, and how to link those care policies to effective ways to tackle gender inequality in Scotland. How should we organise the 'governance' of care in Scotland to achieve gender equality? If Scotland remains part of the UK, can it tackle gender inequality through its care policies? If it choses independence, how should it organise its care policies to tackle gender inequality? What kind of governance options in care policy are available?This project will gather evidence to answer the following questions:1. What does the international evidence tell us about the potential for care policy to address or exacerbate inequality?2. What governance options offer the best outcomes in addressing inequalities through care policy?3. What role do national, regional and local care policies play in achieving equitable, fair outcomes in care policy?4. What governance options in care policy should Scotland choose to achieve equitable, fair outcomes in care policy? 5. How would constitutional change (e.g. independence) affect these options?The project would do this by:1. Drawing together the available evidence from developed welfare states who have managed to achieve good levels of egalitarian policy outcomes, particularly (but not exclusively) on gendered lines2. Identifying examples of 'good' welfare regimes and examining their care policies in detail3. Testing the evidence out on a range of people in Scotland and Wales who are concerned with gender equality and care policy4. Working with a range of people and organisations to see which features of policy could translate into the Scottish policy context5. Giving individuals and organisations the evidence to campaign for the constitutional option in Scotland which will stand the greatest chance of achieving 'fair' care policy, and a more gender equal society.In developing this project, the applicant has drawn on existing academic knowledge about welfare regimes, care policies and gender inequality. However, she has also drawn on issues that have been raised by non-academic experts on gender inequality and care policy in Scotland. In this project, she will continue to work with international experts and key stakeholders in Scotland to reach a wide audience and have a significant impact on the debates about Scotland's constitutional future.