Integrated studies of working later in life: individual and contextual determinants of extended working

预计今后几十年老年人口将继续增长，因此，了解如何鼓励老年人参加工作，从事令人满意并将促进健康老龄化的工作，越来越重要。该项目将探讨个人及其家庭、工作场所和生活环境的特征，这些特征促进了50岁以上的工作。现有的研究已经确定了几个因素，使一个人或多或少有可能从有偿工作中退休，包括他们的健康，财务状况，养老金规定，他们的伴侣的健康和伴侣的就业状况，这些都有不同的贡献取决于我们是否考虑自愿或残疾相关的退休。这些决定因素通常是在退休前后衡量的。利用长期的调查，包括一些从出生起就一直跟踪一组人的调查，我们将进一步回顾一个人的一生，看看是否有可以在早期识别的因素，可以帮助识别早期干预点，并帮助我们更多地了解个人及其家庭一生中的健康和社会环境如何促进或抑制延长工作的选择。环境可能或多或少地支持延长工作时间。我们将使用几个正在进行的调查，包括一些职业调查，这些调查记录了一个人大部分职业生涯中工作环境的详细信息。我们将研究工作场所和工作的特征，例如员工在工作中的自主权，控制和满意度，工作时间以及工作的身体要求。我们会考虑这些与工作有关的因素，是否有助或妨碍长期肌肉骨骼或心理健康欠佳的长者继续工作。虽然各区域在老年人就业比例方面存在很大差异，但研究尚未探讨区域间差异的原因。我们将研究在过去40年或更长时间的不同时间点，当地环境，包括当地失业率和当地工业的其他特征，是否有助于延长工作时间。这些都是已知的，与一个人的可能性，在有薪工作的成年人的年龄范围内，但他们的工作在以后的生活中，他们的具体相关性，以及他们可能与个人特征相互作用的方式，尚不清楚。最后，我们将考虑国家背景。各国老年人的就业率差异很大，这表明国家政策和长期工作的文化规范可能有助于退休决定。我们已经确定了来自欧洲的几项调查，这将使我们能够将健康和工作场所的特征与我们的英国研究进行比较。该项目充分利用了几十年来投入的现有调查，因此我们不必收集新的数据。分析的一个关键部分将是尽可能多地分析来自各种调查的数据。然后，我们将使用统计技术来研究50岁以上工作的可能性（有或没有慢性肌肉骨骼或心理状况）根据个人、工作场所或当地因素而有所不同。我们将开发这些研究问题，并通过书面报告与一系列感兴趣的各方分享研究结果，在会议上介绍情况（包括我们将组织的一次会议，将不同学科和服务部门的工作人员聚集在一起），一个项目网站，我们与政府和雇主的联系，并在适当时通过国家媒体。

With the growth of the older population predicted to continue in coming decades, it is increasingly important to understand how to encourage work participation in older people in jobs that will be satisfying and will promote healthy ageing. This project will explore characteristics of individuals and their family, workplace and living environments that promote working beyond age 50. Existing research has identified several factors that make a person more or less likely to retire from paid work including their health, financial circumstances, pension provision, their partner's health and partner's employment status and these have different contributions depending on whether we consider voluntary or disability-related retirement. These determinants have typically been measured around the time of retirement. Using long-running surveys, including some surveys which have been following a set of people from birth onwards, we will look further back in a person's life to see if there are factors which can be identified earlier on that could help identify early intervention points and help us understand more about how the health and social circumstances of an individual and their family across life promote or inhibit options for extended working.Work environments may be more or less supportive of extended working. We will use several on-going surveys, including some occupational surveys that have recorded detailed information on a person's work environment across most of their career. We will examine features of workplaces and jobs, such as the extent of autonomy, control and satisfaction that an employee has in their work, their working hours, and the physical demands of the job. We will consider whether any of these work-related factors contribute to helping or hindering older people with long-term musculoskeletal or psychological ill health to remain in work. Although there are considerable regional differences in the proportions of older people that are in work, studies have not yet explored what underlies these differences between regions. We will examine whether the local context, including local area unemployment rates and other characteristics of local industry, at various points in time over the last four decades or more contributes to extended working. These are known to be related to an individual's likelihood of being in paid work across the age range of working adults but their particular relevance for working in later life, and the ways in which they might interact with individual characteristics, is not yet clear. Finally, we will consider the national setting. The employment rate of older people varies substantially across countries, which indicates that national policies and cultural norms of extended working could contribute to retirement decisions. We have identified several surveys from Europe which will allow us to compare health and workplace characteristics with our UK studies.The project makes excellent use of existing surveys that have been invested in over several decades so we will not have to collect new data. A key part of the analysis will be to standardise the data from the various surveys as much as is possible. We will then use statistical techniques to look at whether the likelihood of working beyond 50 years of age (with and without a chronic musculoskeletal or psychological condition) differs according to individual, workplace, or local area factors.We will be developing these research questions and sharing research findings with a range of interested parties through written reports, presentations at conferences (including a conference we will organise to bring together people working in different disciplines and service sectors), a project website, our links with Government and employers, and, where appropriate, through the national media.