FACTORS AFFECTING NUTURANT BEHAVIOR TOWARD INFANTS

本研究旨在探讨高龄儿童父母的心理特征。 怀孕期间，对哭声的反应性有不同程度的 厌恶性和婴儿特征的个体差异 影响婴幼儿发展和亲子关系的因素 在生命的头三年。第一次怀孕的母亲和她们的 研究对象包括产前和新生儿的配偶，以及父母和婴儿 分别于术后3、9、12、36个月进行随访。对未怀孕的女性进行了评估 在对应于产前和产后的时间的程序子集 3个月。这项研究采用了多个水平的测量， 包括观察、自我报告和生理程序。数据 收集工作已经完成，所有程序都已完成。 这项为期12个月的跟踪研究的结果已经被提出和报告。 以供出版。即将出现的研究结果如下：(1) 12个月的母婴依恋关系可以从 3个月的相互作用模式，涉及二元困境管理和 对母亲进行产前评估，包括焦虑程度；(2) 引起的哭声基本频率的个体差异 新生儿经过三个月的周期是比较稳定的，这 声学参数与婴儿父母评分显著相关 性情。那些性情不好的婴儿有 独特的声学哭声特征。后一种结果产生了 随后的CREY研究旨在评估 婴儿哭声的质的和量的方面。

This study concerns psychological characteristics of parents during the pregnancy period, reactivity to cries that have varying degrees of aversiveness, and individual differences in infant characteristics as factors that influence infant development and the parent-child relationship in the first three years of life. First time expectant mothers and their spouses were studied prenatally and neonatally, and parents and infants were followed at 3, 9, 12, and 36 months. Nonpregnant women were assessed with a subset of the procedures at times corresponding to the prenatal and 3 month period. The study employed multiple levels of measurement, including observational, self-report, and physiological procedures. Data collection has been completed and all procedures have been scored. Findings from the 12-month follow-up study have been presented and reported for publication. Among the findings to emerge are the following: (1) The mother-infant attachment relationship at 12-months is predictable from 3-month interactional patterns involving dyadic distress management and from prenatal assessments of the mother, including measures of anxiety; (2) Individual differences in the fundamental frequency of cries elicited in the neonatal through three month periods are relatively stable, and this acoustic parameter is significantly related to parent ratings of infant temperament. Those infants characterized as difficult in temperament have distinctive acoustic cry characteristics. The latter result has generated a subsequent cry study designed to assess the relationship between qualitative and quantitative aspects of infant cries.