ADAPTATION OF LABORATORY REARED MONKEYS TO FIELD ENVIRONMENTS

该项目涉及对一组12岁儿童的纵向研究 恒河猴和他们的两代后代，他们都活着 在NIHAC的一个5英亩的围栏里一年四季都有。这个 12岁的成年人都是实验室出生的，与托儿所有亲缘关系，而且 随后被放在一起，组成一个混合性别的同龄人小组。尽管事实是 这些现在已经是中年的猴子(以及它们的后代)都没有 自从它们第一次被转移以来，与任何其他猴子的身体接触 在户外，作为青少年，他们一直表现出充分的赞扬 物种-规范的社会行为和群体组织向 出生和生活在胎儿环境中的恒河猴的日期。过去的事 12个月期间是本集团第一个完整的年度周期 从一开始就完全在相同的户外环境中度过。 不仅所有的小组成员都成功地适应了极端气候 马里兰州的冬季和夏季，但他们也季节性地展示了 基于觅食模式、饮食和社会行为活动的变化， 包括一个明显的繁殖季节的紧急情况(和随后的出生 季节)，这再次与恒河猴现有的数据一致 生活在野生环境中的猴群。此外，观察到的 当前群体的社会组织和社会组织模式的相似性 在过去的一年里，野生种群的人口动态扩大到 包括青春期男性的边缘化，与群体驱逐 第一个接近成年的雄性后代。这些结果有助于 强化了我们之前的印象，恒河猴的大部分 行为技能有着根深蒂固的遗传基础。添加到 以及改变受试者在5英亩范围内的物理环境 在过去的一年里，围栏也完成了，正式的设计 启动了第二个围栏和它一致同意的猴群的计划。

This project involves the longtudinal study of a group of 12-year-old rhesus monkeys and two generations of their progeny, all of whom live year-round in a 5-acre enclosure on the grounds of the NIHAC. The 12-year-old adults were all laboratory born, hand-related in a nursery, and subsequently put together as a mixed-sex peer group. Despite the fact that none of these now middle-aged monkeys (nor any of their progeny) have had any physical exposure to any other monkeys, since they were first moved outdoors as juveniles they have consistently exhibited the full compliment of species-normative social behavior and group organization reported to date for rhesus monkeys born and living in fetal environments. The past 12-month period was the first complete annual cycle that the present group had spent entirely in the same outdoor environment since its inception. Not only did all group members successfully adapt to the climatic extremes of the Maryland winter and summer, but also they demonstrated seasonally based changes in foraging patterns, diet, and social behavioral activities, including the emergency of a distinct breeding season (and subsequent birth season), that once again were consistent with existing data from rhesus monkey groups living in feral environments. Furthermore, the observed similarity of the present group's patterns of social organization and demographic dynamics to those of wild groups was extended this past year to include adolescent male peripheralization, with the group expulsion of the first male offspring to approach adulthood. These results serve to reinforce our previous impressions that major portions of rhesus monkey behavioral repertoires have deep-rooted genetic foundations. Additions to and modifications of the subjects' physical environment within the 5-acre enclosure were also completed this past year, and formal designs for a second enclosure and plans for its consitutent monkey group were initiated.