DEVELOPMENTAL CONTINUITY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN RHESUS MONKEY REACTIVITY

本项目涉及恒河猴生物行为的纵向研究 个体发生学，强调研究反应中的个体差异 温和的环境挑战和长期的决心 标准化饲养条件下的发育后果。 这 过去一年，启动了2项新研究，3项研究的数据收集时间延长 正在进行的长期研究和主要数据分析在2个国家完成 其他实验，所有这些总结如下：（1）新生儿 评估系统，表征恒河猴新生儿反射发育 和气质稳定性，在4个独立的婴儿样本中进行了验证 并随后用于识别处于高风险的新生儿， 对未来环境挑战的极端反应。 (2)新生儿 被确定为潜在的未来高反应堆（和低反应控制 新生儿）与成年女性交叉培养， 气质和母亲的养育方式。 反应性 婴儿之间的差异在很大程度上被掩盖， 但当她们受到身体上的挑战时， 与这些成年女性分离 (3)老年人的纵向研究 无论是由母亲抚养还是在所有同龄人群体中抚养的婴儿， 养育条件对分离行为反应的差异 挑战，但类似的生理反应模式，如评估 血浆皮质醇和CSF单胺代谢物水平。 (4)差异 同伴教养少年的社会优势与HPA有关 反应性差异，两者都被发现与 父系血统 (5)高反应性和低反应性青少年 研究人员比较了猴子对抗抑郁药的生物行为反应， 丙咪嗪，而（6）一项新的研究，检查他们的认知表现 在基线和挑战条件下的短期记忆测试是 启动。 最后，（7）与恒河猴的直接比较 不同的实验室（可能还有不同的基因库）开始运作。

This project involves longitudinal study of rhesus monkey biobehavioral ontogeny, emphasizing investigation of individual differences in reactions to mild environmental challenges and determination of long-term developmental consequences under standardized rearing conditions. This past year 2 new studies were initiated, data collection was extended in 3 ongoing long-term studies, and major data analyses were completed in 2 other experiments, all of which is summarized as follows: (1) A neonatal assessment system, characterizing rhesus monkey newborn reflex development and temperamental stability, was validated on 4 independent infant samples and subsequently used to identify newborns at high risk for displaying extreme reactions to future environmental challenges. (2) neonates identified as potential future high reactors (and low reactive control neonates) were cross-fostered with adult females who themselves differed in temperamental qualities and maternal rearing styles. Reactivity differences among infants were largely masked in the presence of their foster-mothers but reappeared when they were challenged via physical separation from these adult females. (3) Longitudinal study of older infants reared either by mothers or in all-peer groups revealed major rearing condition differences in behavioral reaction to separation challenge but similar patterns of physiological response, as assessed by levels of plasma cortisol and CSF monoamine metabolites. (4) Differences in social dominance among peer-reared juveniles were related to HPA reactivity differences, both of which were found to be associated with paternal pedigree. (5) High and low reactive juvenile and adolescent monkeys were compared in their biobehavioral response to the antidepressant imipramine, while (6) a new study examining their performance on cognitive tests of short-term memory under both baseline and challenge conditions was initiated. Finally, (7) direct comparisons with rhesus monkeys from different laboratories (and presumably different genetic pools) were begun.