DETECTION OF DRUGS OF ABUSE IN ALTERNATIVE BIOLOGICAL FLUID AND TISSUES

吸毒率在不同人群中差异很大， 家庭成员，学生和被捕者，以及自我的准确性， 关于吸毒的报告可能有问题。 生物药品检测 尿液、唾液、汗液和毛发等样本提供了客观的 吸毒的诊断和监测手段， 治疗 传统上，过去一直使用尿检，但 这种技术有局限性。 在一系列正在进行的研究中， 各种替代的生物液体和组织正在被 评估其在监测个人行为模式方面的有用性 滥用药物 临床研究旨在确定 鉴别、浓度、时间过程、剂量依赖性和变异性 尿液、血浆、唾液、汗液、皮肤中的药物和代谢物排泄， 皮脂和毛发的影响 对人类的虐待 每一个生物样本都是独一无二的 并提供了一种不同的关于药物的信息模式 随着时间的推移使用。 例如，毛发测试提供了以下可能性： 检测可能发生在几个月内的药物使用 几个月，可以用于长期监测个人 治疗方案和流行率研究。 相反，唾液 测试是一种短期的药物暴露措施， 与血液中的药物水平和药物诱导效应密切相关。 汗水 测试可用于药物监测超过1-2周的时间。 每个矩阵可能对不同环境中的药物测试有用。 然而，也可能存在与使用微胶囊相关联的缺点。 特殊的生物基质。 假阳性的风险来自于 环境药物污染正在沿着评估 测试中的种族偏见。 基础药理学 剂量-浓度和浓度-时间等特性 关系进行了评估。 总的来说，每个生物基质显示 承诺披露有关个人药物的有用信息 暴露史。

Drug use rates vary significantly among different populations such as household members, students and arrestees, and the accuracy of self- reports of drug use may be questionable. Drug testing of biological specimens such as urine, saliva, sweat and hair provides an objective means of diagnosis of drug use and monitoring subjects while in treatment. Traditionally, urine testing has been used in the past, but this technology has limitations. In a series of ongoing studies, a variety of alternative biological fluids and tissues are being evaluated for their usefulness in monitoring individual patterns of substance abuse. Clinical studies were designed to determine the identity, concentration, time course, dose dependency and variability of drug and metabolite excretion in urine, plasma, saliva, sweat, skin, sebum, and hair following administration of single doses of drugs of abuse to human subjects. Each biological specimen appears to be unique and offers a somewhat different pattern of information regarding drug use over time. For example, hair testing offers the possibility of detecting drug use that could have occurred within a period of several months and could be useful in monitoring individuals in long-term treatment programs and in prevalence studies. In contrast, saliva testing is a short term measure of drug exposure that might correlate closely with drug levels in blood and with drug-induced effects. Sweat testing can be used for drug monitoring over a period of 1-2 weeks. Each matrix may be useful for drug testing in different settings. However, there may also be disadvantages associated with the use of a particular biological matrix. The risk of false positives arising from environmental drug contamination is being evaluated along with the possibility of ethnic bias in testing. Basic pharmacological properties such as dose-concentration and concentration-time relationship are evaluated. Overall, each biological matrix shows promise of revealing useful information regarding an individual's drug exposure history.