BIOMEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING

该项目使用图像处理技术来分析多种类型 生物、临床和生物医学图像。目前的研究包括 电子显微技术在大分子结构生物学中的应用 成像和2D和3D重建，白内障图像分析， 功能PET、MRI及功能MRI扫描分析二者之间的关系 在解剖和功能之间以及开发更好的PET成像 系统，以及心脏的超声图像来分析血液流动。 要回答结构生物学中的重要问题，有必要 获取有关生物的高分辨率2D和3D结构信息 大分子。生物标本可以在电子中可视化 显微镜。目前，我们正在继续努力调查 包括人类单纯疱疹病毒在内的大型动物病毒的结构 (类型1)。在巨细胞病毒(CMV)新技术的相关分析中 提供了一种以前无法提供的结构。这个 3-D重建的计算需求促使 使用DCRT的IBM SP2超级计算机。此外，一些步骤 在二十面体病毒衣壳的3D重建中 将计算速度较慢的任务外包给多个处理器 工作站集群。非常高分辨率的3D重建 牛乳头瘤病毒(BPV)衣壳正在研究中。这一分析， 目前为9A，在所有实验室中领先于高分辨率 在世界上。这一结果之后，正在进行一项关于 带有结合抗体的乳头瘤病毒衣壳。这些新功能的目的是 分析的目的是帮助开发疫苗。噬菌体T4， 它通常是一种长(长)二十面体类型的病毒 用等长突变体生产的。这种病毒衣壳有两种形式 被分析，并第一次展示了详细的结构 这类噬菌体。我们正在使用类似的3D重建 L-A病毒(酵母源)的高等结构研究技术 决议。今年，分析已扩展到17A决议， 并已被接受出版。在另一个协作项目中 我们正在提供有关变异和突变的结构信息 脊髓灰质炎病毒。 生物医学图像处理还包括许多临床、 生物医学和实验室支持研究工作。协作性 与NEI的研究集中在几个领域。我们一直在 开发了一系列可用作 医生对白内障进行准确分级的标准。我们也是 开发一种可供多个现场使用的定量裂隙灯 评分目的。我们开发了独特的医疗应用程序 供国家心肺学会心脏病学分会使用的软件 和血液研究所(NHLBI)，将为开发领域做出贡献 心脏组织活性研究。该软件与一个 美国食品和药物管理局开发的超声外部校准系统 调制测试应该被证明是迄今为止最准确的系统 旨在评估作为造影剂结果的心肌组织活性 到达冠脉微循环的药物。我们参与了 新的动物PET扫描仪技术的发展延伸了图像 分辨率远远超过以前最先进的技术 扫描仪。我们研究了主成分分析的使用。 在功能磁共振图像的分析中。我们形象中不可或缺的一部分 处理咨询是对NIH图像计划的持续支持 作者：Wayne Rasband。我们的支持包括继续开发 新的算法和四个支持文档，现已 随包裹一起分发。

This project uses image processing techniques to analyze many types of biological, clinical and biomedical images. Current research includes the structural biology of macromolecules using electron micrograph imaging and 2D and 3D reconstructions, cataract image analysis, functional PET, MRI and functional MRI scans to analyze the relationship between anatomy and function as well as to develop better PET imaging systems, and ultrasound images of the heart to analyze blood flow. To answer important questions in structural biology, it is necessary to obtain high resolution 2D and 3D structural information about biological macromolecules. Biological specimens can be visualized in the electron microscope. At present we are continuing our efforts to investigate the structure of large animal viruses including human herpes simplex virus (type 1). In a related analysis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) new techniques have provided a structure that was previously unavailable. The computational demands of the 3-D reconstructions have prompted the use of DCRT's IBM SP2 Supercomputer. In addition, some of the steps in the 3D reconstruction of icosahedral virus capsids which are computationally slow are being farmed out to multiple processors in work-station clusters. Very high resolution 3D reconstructions of the bovine papillomavirus (bpv) capsid are being studied. This analysis, currently at 9A, leads the way to high resolution among all laboratories in the world. This result is being followed by a study of the papillomavirus capsid with bound antibodies. The purpose of these new analyses is to assist in the development of a vaccine. Bacteriophage T4, which is normally a prolate (elongated) icosahedral type virus has been produced using isometric mutants. Two forms of this viral capsid have been analyzed, and show, for the first time, the detailed structure of this class of bacteriophages. We are using similar 3-D reconstruction techniques to study the structure of L-A virus (from yeast) at higher resolution. This year, the analysis has been extended to 17A resolution, and has been accepted for publication. In another collaborative project we are providing structural information about variants and mutations of the poliovirus. Biomedical Image Processing also includes a number of clinical, biomedical, and laboratory support research efforts. Collaborative research with NEI has focused upon several areas. We have been developing a series of cataract images which could be utilized as standards for the physician to accurately grade cataracts. We are also developing a slit lamp which can be used by many sites for quantitative grading purposes. We have developed unique medical application software for use by the cardiology branch of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) which will contribute to the developing field of cardiac tissue viability studies. The software, in conjunction with an external calibration system developed by the FDA for ultrasound modulation testing, should prove to be the most accurate system yet designed to estimate myocardial tissue viability as a result of contrast agents reaching the coronary microcirculation. Our participation in the development of new animal PET scanner technology has extended image resolution far beyond what was available from previous state-of-the-art scanners. We have investigated the use of principal component analysis in the analyses of functional MRI images. An integral part of our image processing consulting is ongoing support for the NIH Image program (by Wayne Rasband). Our support includes continuing development of new algorithms and four supporting documents which are now distributed with the package.