PHYSICAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN MOBILITY

我们将检验心理因素影响决策的假设。 使，从而影响老年人是否以及如何表现具有挑战性 体力活动。 在第一部分，决策的相关性研究，400个社区- 居住老年人(65岁至84岁)将回答关于以下四个问题的问卷 具有挑战性的任务，如照片所示：双手前伸 从短小的梯子上，徒手走进潮湿的浴缸， 穿过结冰的地方，在繁忙的人行横道上 交叉口。然后他们将完成关于以下方面的问卷：(A) 他们自我报告的任务绩效，(B)决策(考虑因素 积极和消极后果)；(C)自评健康，功能 状态和三个心理变量(自我效能感、自尊、 个人掌握)影响他们的表现决策。物理和 每个人的认知能力都将使用三种衡量标准进行评估。 然后将进行多元回归分析和结构方程模型 用来检验心理因素影响心理状态的假设 执行任务的意愿以及四个人的实际表现 任务。为了控制假想的影响它们的因素 在这些具有挑战性的任务上的决策和表现，以及 在拟议的22参数模型中验证进一步的联系，我们将 量化疾病和损伤/能力(体能和认知能力) 这群人。 在第二部分，通过实验操纵心理变量a 不同年龄和功能状态的受试者执行具有挑战性的任务， 我们将研究心理因素背后的因果机制 影响观察到的两个第一部分任务的表现：最大前伸 从凸起的表面(120名受试者)和踏上光滑的表面 (120人)。 这项研究将深入了解心理变量如何影响 每个老年人面对表演时所做的决定 具有体力挑战的活动。这些洞察力应该会带来更好的 对那些不必要的人进行改善生活质量的干预措施 限制他们的体力活动，并减少那些 继续执行此类任务。

We will test the hypothesis that psychological factors impact decision making, thereby affecting whether and how elderly perform challenging physical activities. In Part I, a correlational study of decision-making, 400 community- dwelling elderly (65 to 84 years) will answer questionnaires about four challenging tasks illustrated by photographs: a bimanual forward reach from a short step-ladder, stepping into a wet bathtub without hands, walking across an icy patch, and crossing a pedestrian crosswalk at a busy intersection. They will then complete questionnaires with regard to: (a) their self-reported task performance, (b) decision making (considerations of positive and negative consequences); (c) self-rated health, functional status, and three psychological variables (self-efficacy, self-esteem, personal mastery) affecting their performance decisions. Physical and cognitive capabilities will each be assessed using three measures. Multiple regression analyses and structural equation models will then be used to test the hypothesis that psychological factors influence the willingness to perform the tasks as well as actual performance on the four tasks. In order to control for factors hypothesized to effect their decision making and performance on these challenging tasks, and to validate further linkages in a proposed 22 parameter model, we will quantify disease and impairment/capacities (physical and cognitive) in this group. In Part II, by experimentally manipulating psychologically variables a subjects of varying age and functional status perform challenging tasks, we will examine causal mechanisms underlying how psychological factors affect observed performance of two Part I tasks: maximum forward reach from raised surface (120 subjects) and stepping onto a slippery surface (120 subjects). This research will field insight into how psychological variables affect decisions made by every elderly individual confronted with performing physically challenging activities. The insights should lead to better interventions for improving quality of life in those who un-necessarily limit their physical activities, and for reducing injury risk in those who continue to perform such tasks.