Ecosystem Services, Wellbeing and Justice: Developing Tools for Research and Development Practice

全球发展中国家的生态系统管理通常涉及在保护全球生态系统服务（如生物多样性）与提供生态系统服务（如粮食）和保护当地人民免受生态系统损害（如作物掠夺）之间进行权衡。在espa资助的“公正生态系统管理”研究中，我们发现使用公正分析提高了我们对这种权衡的概念理解，并为我们如何解决这些问题提供了理论见解。在这个拟议的后续项目中，我们将对正义的见解与最近的福祉研究创新相结合，将这种新颖的概念方法转化为实证研究的强大策略，并为更广泛的ESPA社区开发研究工具。基本原理是，公平分配环境教育和教育、穷人有意有意地参与管理决策以及承认他们的知识和经验，会对环境教育对减轻贫困的贡献产生积极影响。我们以I-REDD+项目积累的老挝北部南埃富洛伊地区的知识为基础，并比较了旨在协调全球和地方生态环境的三种治理干预措施（重新安置、利用与保护相结合、旅游收入分享）。我们通过在四个地点应用以下主要研究问题，提供了互补的多学科数据：(1)景观尺度上存在什么ES和ED ？(2) ES/ED的可用性和使用在采取不同干预措施的地点和不同利益相关者之间有何不同？(3)在过去13年中，ES/ED的可及性和使用情况有何变化？这些干预措施在多大程度上导致了这些变化？(4)本地持份者对福利和公义的概念（无论是个人还是集体），特别是对环境教育和教育发展的概念是什么？(5)人们如何看待个人幸福感的变化？勃起功能障碍对健康有什么贡献？勃起功能障碍造成了什么危害？这种情况是如何改变的？(6)不同的利益相关者（集体和个人）和专家如何评估不同形式的干预措施是公正的还是不公正的，他们的评估如何与福祉结果联系起来？该项目将为ESPA研究提供四项主要产出：1)关于旨在协调地方和全球社会环境的不同干预措施如何影响社会环境对减贫的贡献的实证见解。2)适用于全球南方偏远地区的、关于生态系统和可持续发展的贡献的更广泛研究工具，包括：-分类的生态系统和可持续发展清单-生态系统管理专家公正评估指南-生态系统、福祉和正义参与性研讨会协议-生态系统、福祉和正义访谈指南3)生态系统/可持续发展数据集及其对福祉的影响。4)参与式生态系统服务清单工具（PESIT），这将使当地社区能够识别和衡量一系列ES/ED，并在外部协调员的支持下绘制关键利益相关者的地图。这项研究将与野生动物保护协会（WCS）一起规划和设计工具，并与包括政府官员、非政府组织和研究人员在内的当地利益相关者协商。WCS是生态系统管理的主要全球利益相关者，并积极热衷于参与在老挝和柬埔寨自己的站点测试工具，并应用这些工具来提高干预措施的有效性，使贫困和边缘化的个人和群体受益。该工具最终将以手册的形式提供，在互联网上传播，并在选定的国际论坛上发表演讲。预期它将与全球南方的政府官员、捐助者和非政府组织的工作直接相关，从而为低收入国家的穷人创造切实的利益。

The management of ecosystems in the Global South often involves tradeoffs between the conservation of global ecosystem services (ES, e.g. biodiversity), on the one hand, and provision of ES (e.g. food) and protection from ecosystem disservices (ED, e.g. crop raids) for local people. In our ESPA-funded 'Just Ecosystem Management' research, we found that the use of justice analyses improved our conceptual understanding of such tradeoffs and provided theoretical insights into how we might work to resolve them. In this proposed follow-on project, we combine the insights on justice with recent innovations in wellbeing research, translate this novel conceptual approach into a robust strategy for empirical research and develop research tools for the wider ESPA community. The underlying rationale is that an equitable distribution of ES and ED, meaningful participation of poor people in management decisions and recognition of their knowledge and experiences creates positive impacts on the contribution of ES to poverty alleviation.We build on knowledge of the Nam Et Phou Loeuy region in northern Laos accumulated under the I-REDD+ Project and a comparison of three governance interventions intended to reconcile global and local ES (resettlement, use combined with protection, tourism revenue sharing). We provide complementary, multidisciplinary data by applying the following main research questions in four sites:(1) What ES and ED are present at the landscape scale? (2) How does availability and use of ES/ED differ between sites with different interventions and for different stakeholders? (3) How has availability and use of ES/ED changed over the preceding 13 years, and to what extent have the interventions caused the changes? (4) What are local stakeholders' notions of wellbeing and justice, both individually and collectively, with particular regard to ES and ED?(5) How do people perceive changes in their individual wellbeing? What contributions do ES make to wellbeing, what harms do ED create, and how has this changed?(6) How do different stakeholders (collectively and individually) and experts evaluate different forms of interventions to be just or unjust, and how do their evaluations relate to wellbeing outcomes?The project will produce four main outputs for ESPA research:1) Empirical insights on how different interventions designed to reconcile local and global ES affect the contributions of ES to poverty alleviation. 2) Tools for wider research on the contributions of ES to poverty alleviation appropriate to remote areas of the Global South, including:- Disaggregated ES and ED inventory- Guidelines for expert justice assessments of ecosystem management- Protocol for participatory workshops on ES, wellbeing and justice- Interview guide on ES, wellbeing and justice3) Data sets on ES/ED and their effects on wellbeing.4) The Participatory Ecosystem Services Inventory Tool (PESIT), which would allow local communities to identify and measure a range of ES/ED and map key stakeholders with support from external facilitators. The research will be planned and tools designed alongside the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in consultation with local stakeholders including government officials, NGOs and researchers. WCS are a major global stakeholder in ecosystem management and are actively keen to be involved in testing of tools in their own sites in Laos and Cambodia and applying these tools to improve the effectiveness of interventions in including and benefitting poor and marginalised individuals and groups. The tool will ultimately be made available in the form of a manual, disseminated over the internet and through presentations at selected international forums. It is expected to be of direct relevance to the work of government officials, donors and NGOs in the Global South, thereby creating tangible benefits for poor people in low-income countries.