CROPROTECT: a knowledge exchange system to support UK growers in sustainable crop protection to allow efficient crop production

为了确保有效的作物生产和避免浪费所使用的土地、水和养分资源，必须尽可能防止因虫害、杂草和疾病而造成的作物损失。在过去的几十年里，这些攻击生物主要是用杀虫剂来管理的，但现在需要提供替代的解决方案。目前，研发界和农业之间存在脱节。如果农民和农学家要更好地了解情况，而且随着信息技术的能力和范围的扩大，提供特定地点的农业建议的前景是实实在在的，那么这种情况必须改变。为了允许创新，需要一个系统来1)确定最佳实践，2)将有关最佳实践的信息传递给农民和农学家。英国农业和园艺正面临着巨大的挑战（在全国农民联盟健康收获报告中强调），因为传统农药受到立法的限制，并失去了抗药性。该项目将开发一个基于网络的知识交流系统，通过提供有关病虫害综合治理（IPM）和农药替代品的循证信息，为种植者提供支持。目前，许多现成的信息只与农药有关，缺乏对替代品的认识。信息也是必要的，因为替代方案通常使用起来更复杂。该项目建立的知识交流框架将以网络为基础，由若干相互关联的模块组成：1)种植者界面，农民可在其中输入农业信息和作物保护需求。种植者将输入他们的害虫、杂草和疾病挑战的详细信息；2)农场数据存储和空间映射的地理信息系统；3)收集潜在解决方案信息的模块。该系统的这一部分将由从不同行业和学术来源获得的有关病虫害、杂草和疾病管理建议的整理数据驱动；4) IPM系统的信息处理和设计模块，它将成为系统的枢纽；5)信息传递模块，它将为个人用户提供相关的解决方案。结果将是一个作物健康门户网站，种植者可以访问并获得有关IPM的相关建议。该系统将协调和连接种植者数据与信息，以便设计和提供有害生物管理解决方案。这将是一个双向系统，使我们能够详细了解种植者面临的挑战。基本框架将是通用的，单位将为英国的每一种主要作物建造。随着不同单位的增加和系统的发展，它将建立问题和最佳虫害管理做法的详细情况。因此，该系统将利用信息技术提供有关农药替代品的更好信息。这将在最大限度地减少作物损失、优化控制策略、提高竞争力和减少环境足迹方面产生巨大的经济、环境和社会效益。该项目预计将在基于网络的知识转移系统方面取得进展。它将创建和开发一个系统，用于在具有解决问题模块的地理信息系统中收集特定位置的数据。农民在作物保护方面面临的真正挑战意味着将开发一种新的通信系统来提供解决方案的答案。目前的项目旨在解决作物保护问题，但从中吸取的经验教训可以用于开发其他解决问题的系统。

To ensure efficient crop production and to avoid wasting the land, water and nutrient resources used, it is essential that crop losses to attacking pests, weeds and diseases are prevented as much as possible. These attacking organisms have been managed primarily with pesticides for the last few decades but now alternative solutions need to be delivered. Currently there is a disconnect between the R&D community and the farming industry. This must change if farmers and agronomists are to be better informed and with the expanding capacity and reach of information technology there is a real prospect of delivering location specific farming advice. To allow innovation, a system is needed to 1) identify best practise and 2) transfer information about best practice to farmers and agronomists. UK agriculture and horticulture are facing huge challenges (highlighted in the National Farmers Union healthy harvest report) as conventional pesticides are being restricted by legislation and lost to resistance. This project will develop a web-based knowledge exchange system to support growers by providing evidence based information about integrated pest management (IPM) and alternatives to pesticides. Currently much of the information that is readily available relates only to pesticides and there is a lack of awareness of alternatives. Information is also needed because alternatives are often more complicated to use. The knowledge exchange framework built by the project will be web-based and comprise a number of linked modules: 1) a grower interface where farm information and crop protection needs is entered by farmers. Growers will input details of their pest, weed and disease challenges; 2) a geographic information system where farm data are held and mapped spatially; 3) a module gathering information about potential solutions. This part of the system will be driven by curated data obtained from disparate industry and academic sources regarding pest, weed and disease management recommendations; 4) an information processing and design of IPM systems module which will be at the hub of the system, and 5) an information delivery module that will provide relevant solutions to individual users. The outcome will be a crop health web portal growers could visit and obtain relevant advice about IPM. The system will co-ordinate and connect grower data with information to allow the design and provision of pest management solutions. It will be a two-way system and allow us to obtain a detailed picture of the challenges growers face. The basic framework will be generic and units will be built for each of the major UK crops. As different units are added and the system develops it will build a detailed picture of both problems and best pest management practices. The system will thus make use of information technology to provide better information about pesticide alternatives. This will have substantial economic, environmental and societal benefits in terms of minimising crop losses, optimising control strategies, improving competitiveness and reducing environmental footprint.The project is expected to make advances in web-based knowledge transfer systems. It will create and develop a system for gathering location specific data in a geographic information system with problem solving modules. The very real challenges farmers face in crop protection mean that a new communication system will be developed to provide answers about solutions. The current project is designed to address crop protection but lessons learnt could be used in development of other problem-solving systems.