PP-FOR: Towards Jointly Monitoring Amazon Ecosystems and Biodiversity by PPBio and RAINFOR

我们希望在巴西建立一个永久性地块的综合网络，可以监测整个世纪的森林生物多样性和碳通量，因为气候变化将对自然系统造成越来越大的压力和挑战。该项目将朝着这一宏伟目标迈出重要一步。亚马逊地区幅员辽阔，因此进行基础研究也是一项挑战。监测生态系统需要科学领导力、远见和大型网络，研究人员可以在许多地方应用标准化技术。必须将培训纳入研究进程，以建立能力并确保监测的长期连续性。该项目将在菲利普斯领导的泛亚马逊森林监测网络（RAINFOR-雷德Amazônica de Inventários Florestais）的成功基础上，与主要的泛巴西生物多样性监测网络（PPBio）建立联系，RAINFOR在400块永久性地块上开展工作，在亚马逊地区取得了几项重大科学发现，并开发了独特的软件（“ForestPlots.net“），帮助热带伙伴分析地块数据。但由于巴西的地块覆盖率很低，RAINFOR还不能很好地估计巴西的森林碳平衡和动态通量。与此同时，PPBio开发了一个独特的生物多样性评估协议，并与30多个机构合作伙伴在巴西各地应用。然而，几乎都是在一个地点重新测量了几块土地的植被变化，因此，该提案朝着满足双方合作伙伴的需要迈出了一步。我们将共同（1）分享技术并培训当地参与者，（2）在巨大的空间差距中重新确定30个PPBio地块，以及（3）培训年轻科学家使用ForestPlots.net的全球协议处理，共享和分析数据。具体而言，我们计划：1.举办实地实践课程，使各小组为进行森林监测做好准备。这将基于一个农村社区，PPBio已经在那里投资了地块。该课程将教授植物收集，鉴定和测量的技能。年轻的农村社区参与者将与来自巴西和英国的生态学家合作。这提供了一个机会，可以试验森林监测-分享协议，确定能力和领导人，并培训技术数据收集技能。主要参与者还将参与主要的实地工作阶段（活动2），以及数据管理和分析研讨会（活动3），该项目有助于为边缘化的农村人口提供新的技能。沿着BR-319公路从马瑙斯到韦略港的30块土地。BR-319在亚马逊河流域最鲜为人知的森林中切割了一条850公里长的横断面，这是地球化学和生物多样性科学的真正“黑洞”。PPBio在这条路上建立了一系列111个地块。该项目将对该样带沿着的地块进行第一次重新普查，提供关于巴西亚马逊中心地带森林动态和碳通量的第一批信息。联合举办讲习班，对参加者进行数据管理和分析培训。我们将使用ForestPlots.net来帮助合作伙伴管理和分析来自其地块的信息。研讨会将包括来自巴西亚马逊河流域的科学家、学生和农村居民，为期8天，外加一个休息日。生物多样性和森林动态数据将被纳入ForestPlots.net，以确保PPBio数据得到仔细检查和国际可比。分析工作将涉及碳储存量、碳平衡、植被动态、生物多样性计算方面的培训，并利用森林资源培训方案在自然资源研究中心的支持下开发的R-软件包，解释ForestPlots.net中关于有用的亚马逊森林物种的丰富信息。反过来，参与者将反馈和教育RAINFOR/ForestPlots.net团队，以确定具体的用户要求，使信息在未来更容易获得，解释和有用的森林研究人员，森林居民和森林用户。

We want to develop an integrated network of permanent plots in Brazil that can monitor forest biodiversity and carbon fluxes through the 21st century in which its natural systems will be increasingly stressed and challenged by climate change. This project will take an important step towards this ambitious goal. Amazonia is vast, so conducting even basic research is challenging. Monitoring ecosystems here requires scientific leadership, vision, and large networks in which researchers apply standardised techniques on-the-ground at many locations. Training must be integrated into the research process to create capacity and assure long-term continuity of monitoring. This project will build on the successes of the pan-Amazon forest monitoring network (RAINFOR- Rede Amazônica de Inventários Florestais- led by Phillips) by linking with the leading pan-Brazilian biodiversity monitoring network (PPBio).RAINFOR works with 400 permanent plots and has made several major scientific discoveries in Amazonia and developed unique software ("ForestPlots.net") to help tropical partners analyse plot data. But due to poor plot coverage in Brazil, RAINFOR cannot yet provide good estimates of forest carbon balance and dynamics fluxes in Brazil. Meanwhile, PPBio has developed a unique biodiversity assessment protocol and applied it across Brazil with more than 30 institutional partners. However few plots - almost all from one site - have been re-measured for vegetation change.The proposal therefore takes a step towards addressing the needs of both partners. Together we will (1) share techniques and train local participants, (2) recensus 30 PPBio plots in a huge spatial gap, and (3) train young scientists to process, share, and analyse the data using the global protocols of ForestPlots.net. In detail, we plan to:1. Conduct a hands-on field course to prepare teams to conduct forest monitoring. This will be based in a rural community where PPBio has already invested in plots. The course will teach skills for plant collection, identification and measurement. Young rural community participants will work with ecologists from Brazil and UK. This provides an opportunity to experiment with forest monitoring - sharing protocols, identifying capacities and leaders, and training in technical data collection skills. Key participants will also be involved in the main fieldwork phase (activity 2), and in the data management and analysis workshop (activity 3), with the project helping provide marginalised rural people with new skills.2. Remeasure 30 plots along the BR-319 road from Manaus to Porto Velho. BR-319 cuts an 850km transect through the least known forests in Amazonia, a true 'black hole' for biogeochemical and biodiversity science. PPBio has established a series of 111 plots along this road. This project will undertake the first recensuses of plots along this transect, providing the first information on forest dynamics and carbon fluxes from the heart of Brazil's Amazon.3. Joint workshop to train participants in data management and analysis. We will use ForestPlots.net to help partners manage and analyse information from their plots. The workshop will include scientists, students, and rural people from Amazonian Brazil, lasting 8 days plus one rest day. Biodiversity and forest dynamics data will be integrated into ForestPlots.net, to ensure that PPBio data are carefully checked and comparable internationally. Analysis will involve training in the calculations of carbon stock, carbon balance, vegetation dynamics, biodiversity, and interpreting the rich information on useful Amazon forest species within ForestPlots.net, using an R-package which RAINFOR has developed with NERC support. In turn, participants will feedback and educate the RAINFOR/ForestPlots.net team to determine specific user requirements to make information in the future more accessible, interpretable, and useful for forest researchers, forest dwellers, and forest users.