Assessing the impacts of the 2010 drought on Amazon zone of transition

评估 2010 年干旱对亚马逊过渡区的影响

• 批准号: NE/I02982X/1
• 负责人: Oliver Phillips
• 金额: $ 6.72万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI02982X%2F1
• 关键词: Assessing; impacts; 2010; drought; Amazon

In 2010 the Amazon Basin experienced unusually dry conditions, a second major drought in 5 years, a pattern which is remarkably similar to some predictions of the future climate of the region. This is because most climate models predict an increase in dry season intensity, and all an increase in temperature in the coming century as a consequence of global climate change. Whether or not long-term climate change is already involved the current event can help us evaluate how humid forest, deciduous forests and savanna ecosystems and species respond to drying, so helping assess the potential scale of impacts as the Amazon climate dries. Our team has a large network of on-the-ground sample plots in the region, and because these are standardised they represent an excellent opportunity to measure the actual impacts of drought. We already did this with the severe 2005 drought (described then as 'the drought of the century' but surpassed in extent this year). In this proposal we focus on our sites at the southern fringes of Amazonia, an area very strongly affected by the 2010 drought.This large area is a 'zone of tension' between Amazon moist forest species, deciduous species, and savanna, with the various vegetation types sometimes adjacent in the same sites. Here we have 30 permanent plots available so we are able for the first time to measure the on-the-ground impacts on different species and vegetation formations at this forest/savanna mixing zone. This is important because it is expected that within these zones of ecological tension that long-term vegetation changes will first be observed, and these areas of high diversity and high carbon storage could significantly affect regional carbon emissions.We plan to do the following:1) Recensus 30 southern Amazon plots to record tree growth and vegetation productivity.2) Remeasure nearly 500 trees where we have pre-drought measures of details of their structure, to assess if drought has changed them.3) Install high-precision measurement tools ("dendrometers") on trees of key species, to enable better monitoring of future droughts4) Analyse data collected from (1) & (2) to test our hypotheses:1. The 2010 drought caused biomass carbon loss from forest but not savanna. We expect savanna to prove more resilient than forest, and for forest responses to mirror those of 2005.2. The 2010 drought accelerated tree death and reduced growth in the forest but not the savanna. We expect forest species to be more sensitive than savanna species when faced with the same degree of drying.3. Forest & savanna plots that had the greatest biomass loss and/or mortality are those with shallowest soils. We expect soil depth to affect the drought response, with shallower soils having fewer moisture reserves.4. Within each stand, species which also occur in drier areas were more drought-resistant than those already at the dry end of their range. We expect that the risk a tree faces from drought is related to its geographic distribution, so that species that are typically found in moister climates will be more drought-sensitive than their neighbours.5. Species differences in drought sensitivity are related to variation in structural traits. We expect the more drought-resistant evergreen trees will have a more conservative hydraulic structure, such as denser wood.The expected outcomes of this research are:1) Improved quantification of the sensitivity of transitional Amazon forest to drought.2) A first assessment of the differential sensitivity of forest and savanna trees to drought conditions.3) By integrating (1) & (2), understand better the chances of savanna replacing forest in the "zone of tension", and even into core Amazon forests, as the climate dries.4) Improved understanding of the physiological basis of drought-resistance and the importance of soil conditions.5) The infrastructure installed to allow local collaborators to evaluate effects during future droughts.

在2010年，亚马逊盆地经历了异常干燥的条件，这是5年内的第二次重大干旱，这种模式与对该地区未来气候的某些预测非常相似。这是因为大多数气候模型都可以预测干旱季节强度的增加，并且由于全球气候变化，在下一世纪的温度都会升高。是否已经涉及长期气候变化，当前事件可以帮助我们评估潮湿的森林，落叶森林和稀树草原生态系统和物种对干燥的反应，因此可以帮助评估亚马逊气候干燥时的潜在影响规模。我们的团队在该地区拥有大型的地面样品图网络，并且由于这些标准化是标准化的，它们代表了衡量干旱实际影响的绝佳机会。我们已经在2005年的严重干旱中做到了这一点（当时被描述为“世纪的干旱”，但今年的程度超过了）。在这项建议中，我们专注于亚马逊南部边缘的地点，一个受2010年干旱影响的地区，这是亚马逊潮湿的森林物种，落叶和稀树草原之间的“张力区域”，各种植被类型有时在同一地点相邻。在这里，我们有30个永久地块，因此我们能够首次能够测量对该森林/稀树草原混合区域不同物种和植被地层的现场影响。这很重要，因为预计在这些生态张力的这些区域内将首先观察到长期的植被变化，而这些高度多样性和高碳存储的领域可能会显着影响区域碳排放。我们计划进行以下操作：1）1）恢复30 Southern Southern Amazon Plots以记录树木的成长和植被生产率的记录近500棵，我们在未磨损的情况下进行了修改，以评估他们的结构，以评估他们的结构。在关键物种树上的高精度测量工具（“树枝状仪”），以更好地监测未来的干旱4）分析从（1）＆（2）收集的数据来检验我们的假设：1。 2010年的干旱造成了森林的生物量碳损失，但却不是稀树草原。我们预计，稀树草原比森林更具弹性，并且森林反应反映了2005.2的森林。 2010年的干旱加速了树的死亡，森林的生长减少了，但没有减少稀树草原。我们预计面对相同程度的干燥时，森林物种比稀树草原更敏感。3。森林和稀树草原损失和/或死亡率最大的森林和稀树草原是最浅的土壤。我们预计土壤深度会影响干旱的反应，而较浅的土壤的水分储量更少。4。在每个摊位中，在干燥地区也发生的物种比在其范围干燥端已经干旱的物种更具干旱。我们预计，干旱的树面所面临的风险与其地理分布有关，因此通常在海军司机气候中发现的物种比邻居更敏感干旱敏感。5。干旱敏感性的物种差异与结构特征的差异有关。我们预计，更加抗旱的常绿树木将具有更保守的液压结构，例如浓密的木材。这项研究的预期结果是：1）改善过渡性亚马逊森林对干旱的敏感性的量化。随着气候的变化，“紧张区”，甚至进入亚马逊森林的核心。4）提高了对抗旱性的生理基础和土壤状况的重要性的理解。5）安装的基础设施以允许当地合作者在未来的干旱期间评估影响。

项目成果

Collapse of ecosystem carbon stocks due to forest conversion to soybean plantations at the Amazon-Cerrado transition

亚马逊-塞拉多过渡期间森林转变为大豆种植园导致生态系统碳储量崩溃

• DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.01.038
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Forest Ecology and Management
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Bonini I

21st Century drought-related fires counteract the decline of Amazon deforestation carbon emissions.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02771-y
• 发表时间: 2018-02-13
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Aragão LEOC;Anderson LO;Fonseca MG;Rosan TM;Vedovato LB;Wagner FH;Silva CVJ;Silva Junior CHL;Arai E;Aguiar AP;Barlow J;Berenguer E;Deeter MN;Domingues LG;Gatti L;Gloor M;Malhi Y;Marengo JA;Miller JB;Phillips OL;Saatchi S
• 通讯作者: Saatchi S

Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology.

• DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1587
• 发表时间: 2016-12-14
• 期刊: Proceedings. Biological sciences
• 作者: Coelho de Souza F;Dexter KG;Phillips OL;Brienen RJ;Chave J;Galbraith DR;Lopez Gonzalez G;Monteagudo Mendoza A;Pennington RT;Poorter L;Alexiades M;Álvarez-Dávila E;Andrade A;Aragão LE;Araujo-Murakami A;Arets EJ;Aymard C GA;Baraloto C;Barroso JG;Bonal D;Boot RG;Camargo JL;Comiskey JA;Valverde FC;de Camargo PB;Di Fiore A;Elias F;Erwin TL;Feldpausch TR;Ferreira L;Fyllas NM;Gloor E;Herault B;Herrera R;Higuchi N;Honorio Coronado EN;Killeen TJ;Laurance WF;Laurance S;Lloyd J;Lovejoy TE;Malhi Y;Maracahipes L;Marimon BS;Marimon-Junior BH;Mendoza C;Morandi P;Neill DA;Vargas PN;Oliveira EA;Lenza E;Palacios WA;Peñuela-Mora MC;Pipoly JJ 3rd;Pitman NC;Prieto A;Quesada CA;Ramirez-Angulo H;Rudas A;Ruokolainen K;Salomão RP;Silveira M;Stropp J;Ter Steege H;Thomas-Caesar R;van der Hout P;van der Heijden GM;van der Meer PJ;Vasquez RV;Vieira SA;Vilanova E;Vos VA;Wang O;Young KR;Zagt RJ;Baker TR
• 通讯作者: Baker TR

Pan-tropical prediction of forest structure from the largest trees

• DOI: 10.1111/geb.12803
• 发表时间: 2018-11-01
• 期刊: GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Bastin, Jean-Francois;Rutishauser, Ervan;Zebaze, Donatien
• 通讯作者: Zebaze, Donatien

Drier tropical forests are susceptible to functional changes in response to a long-term drought

• DOI: 10.1111/ele.13243
• 发表时间: 2019-05-01
• 期刊: ECOLOGY LETTERS
• 影响因子: 8.8
• 作者: Aguirre-Gutierrez, Jesus;Oliveras, Imma;Malhi, Yadvinder
• 通讯作者: Malhi, Yadvinder