Integrated assessment of the emission-health-socioeconomics nexus and air pollution mitigation solutions and interventions in Beijing (INHANCE)

中国的快速工业化和城市化伴随着空气污染的大幅增加。认识到与此相关的健康和社会经济问题，中国国务院批准了一项1.75万亿元的投资计划：大气污染防治计划（计划）。我们的项目“enhance”将：i)证明“计划”的社会经济效益，并继续推进；ii)为中国特大城市北京的空气污染缓解提供一个以证据为基础、有效、公平和综合的干预和管理计划。通过其国际领先的研究团队的参与，我们已经做好了实现这些目标的准备，并有来自cres（中国污染防治法的主要起草者）的高层参与（副首席科学家），我们已经做好了充分的准备，从我们的研究中实现最大的影响。enhance将官方发展援助的重点放在以下方面：1)以促进转型中国的经济发展和福利为主要目标；ii)确保北京空气质量的长期可持续改善（可转移到其他特大城市）；Iii)技能和知识能力建设；Iv)支持持续发展的研究，以提高福利和促进经济增长。英国在环境经济学、英国空气污染减排和空气质量可再生能源互动领域的贡献表明，英国的研究力量明确参与到实现官方发展援助优先事项中。作为一个“使能者”项目，enhance将促进整个项目的协同效应和机会，并通过enhance“领军者”（见案例）领导主题1-3的参与，并确保提供基于科学的综合政策评估和设计。enhance方法的核心是对跨项目沟通（WP1）的坚定承诺。为实现这些目标，执行委员会将与项目管理部门协商，将enhance专业知识映射到主题1-3。实施面向内部和外部的双向沟通机制，营造跨学科的环境。enhance将对中国目前的空气污染政策进行定量绩效评估，其中将对当前治理空气污染措施的有效性进行“评分”（WP2）。该评分将基于污染物清单、大气化学模型（PKU-V3 / WRF-Chem）、能源结构优化的排放和经济绩效，以及末端控制措施的评估。排放-健康（生理和心理）-社会经济-能源影响之间的联系是enhance研究议程（WP3）的核心。为了探究这种联系，enhance将建立和评估暴露、脆弱性、对健康的影响、对工业的影响和经济后果之间的相互关系。该工作计划将重点关注：空气质量和可再生能源的相互作用；接触空气污染及其对低收入人群健康的影响；测量空气污染对心理健康的影响；污染足迹分析——与身心健康损失相关的直接和间接经济成本；对与最终消费和贸易有关的健康负担的估计。在结论部分，enhance将提出有关综合政策设计的建议，并对政策的成本效益进行评估。为实现这一目标，将对北京和其他城市的空气质量政策进行比较和定性评估；与主题1-3和其他相关利益攸关方合作，制定减少空气污染的轨迹；进行政策绩效评估建模；利用防治污染措施的技术经济清单，对新政策进行微观成本效益分析；衡量减轻空气污染的健康和宏观经济成本和效益；将产生的证据转化为切实可行的减排途径。

China's rapid industrialisation and urbanisation has been accompanied by large increases in air pollution. In recognition of the health and socio-economic issues associated with this China's State Council authorized a 1.75 trillion Yuan investment package: the Air Pollution Prevention Plan (the Plan).Our project, INHANCE, will: i) evidence the socio-economic efficacy of "the Plan" and, moving forward, ii) deliver an evidence based, effective, equitable and integrated intervention and management plan for air pollution mitigation in the Chinese megacity, Beijing. Through the engagement of its internationally leading research team INHANCE is very well placed to achieve these goals and with high-level involvement (Deputy Chief Scientist) from CRAES, (major drafters of Pollution Prevention and Control Law in China), we are well-poised to realise maximum impact from our research. INHANCE embraces ODA priorities by: i) promoting the economic development and welfare of a transitional China as its main objective; ii) ensuring long-term sustainable improvements to air quality in Beijing (transferable to other megacites); iii) building capacity in skills and knowledge, and; iv) supporting sustained development of research that will result in welfare enhancement and economic growth. The UK contribution in areas of environmental economics, UK air pollution abatement and air-quality renewable energy interactions represent clear engagement of UK research strength to realise ODA priorities. As an 'enabler' project INHANCE will promote synergies and opportunities across the whole program and through the INHANCE 'Champions' (see Case) will lead the engagement with Themes 1-3, and ensure the delivery of integrated science-based policy evaluation and design.Central to the INHANCE approach is a strong commitment to across program communication (WP1). Toward these ends an Executive Committee, in consultation with the program administration, will map INHANCE expertise to Themes 1-3. Two-way internal- and external-facing communication mechanisms will be implemented to foster an interdisciplinary environment. INHANCE will deliver a quantitative performance assessment of China's current air pollution policies wherein the effectiveness of current anti-air pollution measures will be 'scored' (WP2). This scoring will be based upon pollutant inventories, atmospheric chemistry models (PKU-V3 / WRF-Chem), emission and economic performance of energy structure optimization, and, evaluation of end-of-pipe control measures. The nexus among emission-health (physical and mental)-socioeconomic-energy impacts is central to the INHANCE research agenda (WP3). In order to interrogate this nexus INHANCE will establish and evaluate interactive relationships among exposure, vulnerability, impact on health, implications for industry and economic consequences. This WP will focus upon: air quality and renewable energy interactions; air pollution exposure and health impacts for low income population groups; measuring air pollution induced mental health impact; pollution footprint analysis - direct and indirect economic costs associated with physical and mental health losses, and; an estimation of the health burden associated with final consumption and trade. In its conclusion, INHANCE will deliver recommendations regarding integrated policy design and deliver an assessment for policy cost-effectiveness. To achieve this INHANCE will: compare and qualitatively assess air quality policies between Beijing and other cities; engage with Themes 1-3 and other relevant stakeholders to prescribe air pollution abatement trajectories; undertake policy performance assessment modelling; utilise techno-economic inventories for anti-pollution measures to conduct micro cost-benefit analysis of new policies; measure health and macroeconomic costs and benefits in mitigating air pollution, and; transform evidence generated into practical emission alleviation pathways.