COCAINE EFFECTS ON CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW--OXYGEN 15 PET

可卡因是一种经常被滥用的快乐剂，具有很强的增强作用。 动物数据表明，增强性能与 可卡因对包括转运体在内的多巴胺系统的活动。我们 设计了两项正电子发射断层扫描研究(A)以研究 可卡因对人体多巴胺释放和(B)区域多巴胺释放的影响 脑部血流量。 在研究一中，11名男性受试者被注射在[11C]-拉克洛必利内， 发射正电子的多巴胺D2拮抗剂。0到10分钟后 接受拉氯普利注射的受试者分别注射生理盐水(基线 扫描)或48毫克盐酸可卡因(药物扫描)。时间-活动 获得了壳核和小脑两种情况下的TAC曲线。 在第二项研究中，三名受试者被注射了0-15水30-180 在注射可卡因后几秒钟。 所有受试者都报告了视觉模拟的主观愉悦效应 比例。TAC下的面积(根据注射剂量进行了校正 放射性)在可卡因条件下为251.0士39.1(t=6.7， P&lt；0.0001，df=10)。在第二项研究中，全球脑血流量减少了27 在三个科目中使用+9%。最大降幅出现在60秒后 可卡因注射。 我们证明了可卡因的剂量与典型的“街头剂量”相似 显示放射性标记的多巴胺D2的显著移位 受体拮抗剂。这一发现似乎与多巴胺一致。 可卡因的行为假说，并在 寻找可卡因滥用的药物治疗方法。此外，我们 重复了其他研究的发现，可卡因降低了全球血液 流得很快。

Cocaine is a commonly abused euphoriant with strong reinforcing effects. Animal data have shown that the reinforcing properties are related to cocaine's activity on the dopamine system including the transporter. We designed two Positron Emission Tomography studies (a) to investigate cocaine's activity on dopamine release in humans and (b) on regional cerebral blood flow. In study one, 11 male subjects were injected within [11C]-Raclopride, a positron-emitting dopamine D2 antagonist. 0 to 10 minutes after the raclopride injection subjects were injected with either saline (baseline scan) or with 48mg of cocaine hydrochloride (drug scan). Time - Activity curves (TAC) were obtained for both conditions in putamen and cerebellum. In study two, three subjects were injected with 0 15 water 30 to 180 seconds after cocaine injection. All subjects reported subjective euphoriant effects on Visual Analog Scales. The area under the TAC (corrected for the amount of injected dose of radioactivity) was 251.0 + 39.1 in the cocaine condition (t=6.7, p<0.0001, df=10). In study two, global cerebral blood flow was reduced 27 + 9% using in three subjects. Maximal decreases were seen 60 seconds after cocaine injection. We demonstrated that doses of cocaine similar to typical "street doses" demonstrated significant displacement of a radiolabelled dopamine D2 receptor antagonist. This finding seems consistent with the dopamine hypothesis of cocaine's actions and is of potential relevance in the search for pharmacological treatments of cocaine abuse. Furthermore we replicated the finding of other studies, that cocaine reduces global blood flow acutely.