Rapid deployment of a seismic array in Ecuador following the April 16th 2016 M7.8 Pedernales earthquake

本项目将在2016年4月16日厄瓜多尔佩德纳莱斯足目7.8级地震南端快速部署地震台网（目标1）。我们的项目合作伙伴目前正在断层带的中部（法国IRD的GEOAZURE）和北方（美国IRIS）地区部署地震台站。地震台网将连续记录地震活动，为期10个月，5个月后开始服务。所获得的数据集将在我们的项目合作伙伴和科学界之间公开共享，这将为俯冲界面上的余震活动提供前所未有的分辨率。一旦在5个月和10个月后收集到连续数据，将对这些数据进行处理，以检测地震，同时联合确定这一构造复杂的俯冲带的高分辨率三维速度结构。通过解释余震活动的时空分布和迁移，我们将获得有价值的洞察俯冲界面的应力条件。对地震波所经历的衰减进行的进一步分析，如果与P波和S波速度结构共同解释，将提供有关俯冲带和过程的化学和矿物学性质的信息。为了解释地震学数据的应力和应变的变化，发生之前，期间和之后的M7.8地震，我们将使用卫星干涉测量，以确定，第一次，多时干涉合成孔径雷达时间序列（目标2）。这将通过处理地震前6个月至地震后12个月的地震区多个卫星图像来完成。从这些图像中我们可以确定地面的变形。收集的数据将使我们能够汇集跨学科的信息，以解释压力的状态及其在世界上这个研究和仪器不足的地区的演变。最后，利用收集到的所有数据和解释，我们将解决断裂带南部地区是否可能破裂的问题，以及附近火山区对区域应力场变化的可能反应。

This project will rapidly deploy a seismological network at the southern end of the April 16th 2016 M7.8 Pedernales earthquake in Ecuador (Objective 1). Our project partners are currently deploying seismological stations in the central (GEOAZURE, IRD, France) and northern (IRIS, USA) regions of the fault zone. The seismological network will record earthquake activity continuously for a period of 10 months, with a service after 5 months. The dataset obtained, which will be openly shared among our project partners and the scientific community will provide unprecedented resolution on imaging aftershock activity on the subduction interface. Once collected after 5 and 10 months, the continuous data will be processed to detect earthquakes which will be located while jointly determining high-resolution 3D velocity structure in this tectonically complex subduction zone. By interpreting the spatial and temporal distribution and migration of aftershock activity we will gain valuable insight into the stress conditions at the subduction interface. Additional analysis of attenuation that the seismic waves have undergone will, when jointly interpreted with the P-wave and S-wave velocity structure, will provide information as to the chemical and mineralogical nature of the subduction zone and processes. In order to interpret the seismological data in terms of the stress and strain changes that have taken place before, during and after the M7.8 earthquake, we will use satellite interferometry to determine, for the first time, a multi-temporal InSAR time series (Objective 2). This will be done by processing multiple satellite images of the zone, from 6 months before to 12 months after the earthquake. From these images we can ascertain the ground deformation. The data collected will allow us to bring together interdisciplinary information to interpret the state of stress and its evolution in this poorly studied and instrumented part of the world. Finally, using all data and interpretations gathered we will address the question of whether the southern region of the fault zone is likely to rupture, and what the likely response of nearby volcanic zones will be to changes in the regional stress field.