NSFGEO-NERC: Quantifying the Modern and Glacial Ocean's Carbon Cycle Including Isotopes

基于数据约束过程的现代和冰川海洋碳循环模型将使用一种新的方法进行开发和分析。该方法将溶解无机碳（DIC = Cpre + Creg）精确分解为预成型组分（Cpre = Csat + Cdis）和再生组分（Creg = Corg + Ccaco3），其中Csat = Csat,phy + Csat，bio为平衡饱和组分，Cdis = Cdis,phy + Cdis，bio为不平衡平衡组分，各有物理和生物贡献，Csoft和Ccaco3为有机（软组织）和碳酸钙（硬组织）组分。DIC = Cphy + Cbio可分为物理Cphy = Csat,phy + Cdis，物理和生物Cbio = Csat，生物+ Cdis，生物+ Csoft + Ccaco3部分。扰动实验将用于将各组分、DIC和大气CO2的变化归因于个别变量（环流、海冰、温度、海平面和铁通量）的变化。结合海洋物理学方面的最新创新，如不同的混合参数化和通风诊断，以及生物地球化学方面的创新，如变元素（C:P）化学计量学、溶解铁通量、沉积物相互作用、Pa/Th循环和陆地碳变化，将为现代海洋和冰川海洋产生不同的可行平衡状态。这种方法将允许定量的、基于过程的理解海洋碳储量的冰期-间冰期变化，包括不确定性估计。它还将阐明碳组分对循环变化的响应。分解将扩展到碳同位素（d13CDIC）。

Data-constrained process-based models of the modern and glacial ocean's carbon cycle will be developed and analyzed using a novel method. The method decomposes Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC = Cpre + Creg) accurately into preformed (Cpre = Csat + Cdis) and regenerated (Creg = Corg + Ccaco3) components, where Csat = Csat,phy + Csat,bio is the equilibrium saturation and Cdis = Cdis,phy + Cdis,bio the disequilibrium, each with physical and biological contributions, and Csoft and Ccaco3 are organic (soft tissue) and calcium carbonate (hard tissue) components. DIC = Cphy + Cbio can thus be separated into physical Cphy = Csat,phy + Cdis,phy and biological Cbio = Csat,bio + Cdis,bio + Csoft + Ccaco3 parts. Perturbation experiments will be used to attribute the change of each component, DIC and atmospheric CO2 to changes in individual variables (circulation, sea ice, temperature, sea level and iron fluxes). Different viable equilibrium states will be produced for the modern and glacial ocean incorporating recent innovations in ocean physics, such as different mixing parameterizations and ventilation diagnostics, and in biogeochemistry, such as variable elemental (C:P) stoichiometry, dissolved iron fluxes, sediment interactions, cycling of Pa/Th, and land carbon changes. This approach will allow quantitative, process-based understanding of glacial-interglacial changes in ocean carbon storage including uncertainty estimates. It will also elucidate the response of carbon components to circulation changes. The decomposition will be extended to carbon isotopes (d13CDIC).