Addressing Challenges of Coastal Communities through Ocean Research for Developing Economies (ACCORD) (2020-2021)

对于沿海发展中国家来说，海洋通过资源开发(如渔业和矿产开采)和生计多样化(如旅游业、水产养殖和蓝碳倡议)为可持续经济增长提供粮食保障和机会。经济合作与发展组织(OECD)最近预测，基于快速扩张的新兴海洋产业和传统产业的增长，到2030年，海洋经济将达到约3万亿美元。目前，仅渔业和水产养殖每年就贡献1000亿美元，创造2.6亿个就业机会。海洋经济的这些部门和其他部门的增长速度快于世界经济。东南亚和西印度洋的沿海国家都在最高政府级别上致力于蓝色经济。与此同时，由于过度开采、污染、生物多样性下降和气候变化，海洋正面临前所未有的压力。必须以可持续的方式管理这些机会的实现，并保持对环境、经济和气候压力的适应能力。该协定方案为九个沿海国的海洋管理者和政策制定者提供了管理可持续发展和保护其海洋资产的证据和工具。这些国家是：孟加拉国、柬埔寨、中国、印度尼西亚、肯尼亚、马来西亚、南非、坦桑尼亚和越南。拟议的新工作将以这些国家以前的工作为基础并加以巩固，以增加对科学数据的吸收，并加速将其转化为政策。在ACCORD的这一新阶段，将更加注重利益攸关方培训和机构能力建设，这已被我们的海外伙伴确定为优先事项。具体来说，对于孟加拉国，我们将帮助确定恒河-雅鲁藏布江-梅格纳三角洲的沉积速度和稳定性。对于马来西亚，我们将提供完整的海洋空间规划体系，并将完善红树林管理政策。我们的工作将有助于实现肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚和南非的可持续渔业政策。在柬埔寨、马来西亚、印度尼西亚和越南，我们将培训当地利益相关者使用模型和环境数据，为地方和国家决策提供信息。对于我们所有的海外合作伙伴来说，我们的工作所产生的工具、培训和证据将推动其海洋经济的可持续增长，并将促进经济、环境和气候的适应能力。

For developing coastal nations, the ocean provides food security and opportunities for sustainable economic growth through resource exploitation (e.g. fisheries and mineral extraction) and livelihood diversification (e.g. tourism, aquaculture, and blue carbon initiatives). The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has recently predicted that the ocean economy will reach around $US3 trillion by 2030, based on rapidly expanding new ocean industries combined with growth in traditional industries. Fisheries and aquaculture alone currently contribute US$100 billion per year and create 260 million jobs. These and other sectors of the marine economy are growing faster than the world economy. Coastal nations in south east Asia and the western Indian Ocean are all committed to the Blue Economy at the highest governmental level. At the same time, the ocean is under unprecedented stress from over-exploitation, pollution, declining biodiversity and climate change. It is essential that the realisation of these opportunities is managed sustainably and remains resilient to environmental, economic and climate pressures. The ACCORD programme is providing marine managers and policy-makers in nine developing coastal states with evidence and tools to manage the sustainable development and protection of their ocean assets. These countries are: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, South Africa, Tanzania, and Vietnam. The proposed new work will build upon and consolidate previous work in these countries so as to increase the uptake of the scientific data and accelerate its translation into policy. In this new phase of ACCORD there will be an increased focus on stakeholder training and institutional capacity building where that has been identified as a priority by our overseas partners. Specifically, for Bangladesh we will help establish the rate of sedimentation and stability of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta. For Malaysia, we will deliver a complete marine spatial planning system and will improve mangrove management policies. Our work will help achieve sustainable fisheries policies for Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa. In Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam we will train local stakeholders in the use of models and environmental data to inform local and national decision making. For all of our overseas partners, the tools, training and evidence resulting from our work will drive the sustainable growth of their marine economies and will promote economic, environmental and climate resilience.