West London Healthy Home and Environment Study (WellHome)

今天在英国长大的儿童代表了“室内儿童一代”，他们的大部分活动都发生在封闭的空间内，主要是家庭和学校，化学成分多样，通常是复杂的空气质量环境。尽管室内空气质量在人体暴露方面很重要，但从最广泛的意义上说，室内空气质量与公共健康之间的联系是一个研究不足的领域，特别是在英国，历史上更重视室外空气质量。鉴于英国儿童呼吸道疾病的高发病率，我们需要更加关注消除已知的引发呼吸道疾病恶化的因素，如哮喘，包括空气污染的化学和生物成分。此外，尽管流行病学研究已经告诉我们很多关于空气污染对健康的影响，这还没有通过毒理学研究来确定潜在的机制途径。鉴于需要在这两门科学上取得进展，才能对来源和风险有所了解，我们将制定更好的毒理学方法，为今后更有效的政策制定奠定基础。这项工作的目标是超越简单的比较在不同室内环境中收集的空气中颗粒物的毒性，通过将跨微环境的毒理学观察纳入对个人的总体危害，从而提供一种工具，为未来的政策提供信息。我们的家是私人空间，在这里我们可以选择如何行为-吸烟、做饭、取暖、清洁、通风-而侵犯这种选择的政策可能不受欢迎和/或不适合特定的亚群体。此外，社会经济环境可以在我们有多少选择方面发挥重要作用-住房质量，邻里，绝缘，家庭技术-导致社会经济地位的差异。因此，研究界在解决室外气溶胶中与健康最相关的成分方面所面临的挑战，由于考虑到室内空气，而被显著放大，室内空气中有额外的来源和独特的化学实体。通常，这些额外的来源受到家庭内个人和家庭行为的影响或支配。我们将通过关注已确定的室内和室外哮喘触发因素来降低这一挑战的复杂性。哮喘影响着英国五分之一的家庭，这些家庭通常是贫困社区的儿童。WellHome的研究计划在一个参与的城市社区内创建了一个创新的长期研究和信息资源，以提高对住宅空气质量的认识和认识，其健康影响以及确保减少接触有害物质的方法。这个社区研究中心将直接应对城市社区面临的挑战，重点关注有敏感居民的家庭。该方案将与西伦敦的城市人口一起并为他们而制定，西伦敦是一个社会经济地位相对较低、环境空气污染浓度较高的社区。通过专注于室内：室外连续体在一个易受伤害的孩子，我们的密集监测方法，化学和生物PM与活动/时间相关的健康数据的毒理学评估将提供一个新的方法来解决这个问题。从这个社区获得的信息将推广到整个英格兰的其他内城社区和英国的下放行政机构，从而将其实用性扩展到本项目之外，并留下宝贵的遗产。

Children growing up in the UK today represent an 'indoor child generation', with most of their activities taking place within enclosed spaces, primarily homes and schools, with chemically diverse and often complex air quality environments. Despite its importance in human exposure terms, links between indoor air quality in its widest sense and public health is a under-researched area, particularly in the UK, with historically greater emphasis placed on outdoor air quality. Given the high incidence rates of childhood respiratory diseases in the UK we need a greater focus on eliminating the known triggers for the exacerbation of respiratory conditions such as asthma including the chemical and biological components of air pollution.Furthermore, although epidemiological research has taught us a great deal about the health effects of air pollution, this has not been matched by toxicological research to define underlying mechanistic pathways. Given progress in both sciences is required to develop understanding of sources and risks we will develop enhanced toxicological approaches to lay the foundation for more effective policy development in years ahead. The ambition of this work is to go beyond a simple comparison of the toxicity of airborne particulate collected at different indoor environments, by integrating toxicological observations across microenvironments into an overall hazard to the individual, hence providing a tool to inform future policy.Moving from the outdoor to indoor environment presents significant challenges to public health research, an ecological problem becomes a personal one; our homes are private spaces where we choose how to behave - smoking, cooking, heating, cleaning, ventilating - and policies encroaching upon that choice can be unpopular and/or inappropriate for specific subgroups. Furthermore, socio-economic circumstances can play a significant role in how much choice we have - housing quality, neighbourhood, insulation, home technology - leading to disparities in exposure as a function of socioeconomic status. As such, the challenges that have faced the research community in addressing the most health relevant components of the outdoor aerosol are significantly magnified by adding a consideration of indoor air, where there are additional sources and unique chemical entities. Often, these additional sources are influenced or dictated by individual and household behaviours within the home. We will reduce the complexity of this challenge by focusing on established indoor and outdoor asthma triggers. Asthma affects one in five households in the UK and often these are children in deprived communities.The programme of research in WellHome creates an innovative long-term research and information resource within an engaged urban community to advance knowledge and awareness of residential air quality, its health impacts and methods to ensure reduced exposure to harmful agents. This community research hub will be designed to directly address the challenges faced by urban communities, with a focus on households with sensitive inhabitants. The programme will be created with, and for, the urban population based in West London, a community with a relatively low socio-economic status and high ambient air pollution concentrations. Through focusing on the indoor:outdoor continuum in a manageable number of homes with a vulnerable child, our intensive monitoring approach, toxicological assessments of chemical and biological PM with activity/time linked health data will provide a novel approach to the issue. Information gained from this community will be generalisable to other inner-city communities throughout England and the devolved administrations of the UK hence extending its usefulness beyond this project and leaving a valuable legacy.