MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN RETROVIRUSES: HIV IN ASIA & PACIFIC

对亚洲及太平洋大多数国家来说， 在20世纪80年代末之前，艾滋病综合征（艾滋病）还没有被发现， 累计病例数仍然很低（一）。 然而，艾滋病 现在是泰国的公共卫生紧急情况，许多邻国 这些国家也面临着人类传染病传播的高风险， 免疫缺陷病毒型（HIV-1）感染的研究。 巴布亚新几内亚（太平洋岛屿中面积最大、人口最多的国家 国家）表明普遍存在的高风险性行为和高比率 性传播疾病，特别是生殖器溃疡 条件 需要关于HIV-1亚型的重要基线数据 存在于东南亚和其他国家，比如巴布亚新几内亚， 那里的卫生保健提供系统和梅毒的高发病率， 结核病的发病率与撒哈拉以南非洲相当。 还 人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒I型的流行性 巴布亚新几内亚地区美拉尼西亚人感染 这些群体感染HIV-1的风险增加，因为 HTLV-I的免疫抑制和T细胞活化特性。

For most of Asia and the Pacific, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) had not been identified prior to the late l 980s and the number of cumulative cases is still quite low (I). However, AIDS is now a public health emergency in Thailand, and many neighboring countries are also at high risk of epidemic spread of human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-l) infection.For example, studies in Papua New Guinea (the largest and most populous of the Pacific island nations) indicate widespread high-risk sexual behaviors and high rates of sexually transmitted diseases, particularly ulcerative genital conditions. Vital baseline data are needed on the HIV-1 subtypes present in Southeast Asia and in countries, like Papua New Guinea, where health care delivery systems and high rates of syphilis and tuberculosis are comparable to those in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the endemicity of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection in some Melanesian populations in Papua New Guinea places such groups at added risk for HIV-1 infection because of the immunosuppressive and T-cell activation properties of HTLV-I.